Two-level intelligent modeling method for the rate of penetration in complex geological drilling process

The rate of penetration (ROP) model is of great importance in achieving a high efficiency in the complex geological drilling process. In this paper, a novel two-level intelligent modeling method is proposed for the ROP considering the drilling characteristics of data incompleteness, couplings, and strong nonlinearities. Firstly, a piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation method is introduced to complete the lost drilling data. Then, a formation drillability (FD) fusion submodel is established by using Nadaboost extreme learning machine (Nadaboost-ELM) algorithm, and the mutual information method is used to obtain the parameters, strongly correlated with the ROP. Finally, a ROP submodel is established by a neural network with radial basis function optimized by the improved particle swarm optimization (RBFNN-IPSO). This two-level ROP model is applied to a real drilling process and the proposed method shows the best performance in ROP prediction as compared with conventional methods. The proposed ROP model provides the basis for intelligent optimization and control in the complex geological drilling process.     

Role of stuffer layers and fibre volume fractions on the mechanical properties of 3D woven fabrics for structural composites applications

Using weaving technology, possible manipulations can be done so as to derive maximum advantage from the reinforcements towards desired mechanical properties of the composites. Thus with different sets of weaving parameters and tow linear densities, an attempt has been made to investigate tensile, impact and knife penetration performance of different stuffer layers and fibre volume fractions of 3D orthogonal and interlock E-glass fabrics as reinforcements for composite applications. The tensile properties were effectively influenced by warp tow crimp%, number of stuffer tows per unit width of the fabric and fabric assistance. The tow linear density, fabric sett and the number of cross over points play a determining role towards impact energy absorption capacity. The fabric sett along with tow linear densities also play a vital role towards peak energy during knife penetration test. The number of cross over points were found to be least important in the knife penetration results analysis.     

随钻扩眼工具及技术研究

基于随钻扩眼技术优势的分析，研究了机械式、液压式和偏心式随钻扩眼工具执行机构和扩眼总成的机构原理，并介绍了国内所开展的相关研究。文章提出应加强现有工具的适应性和匹配性研究，发掘各类工具的优势。优化执行机构、扩眼总成和水力机构、重视底部钻具组合力学特性的分析是今后发展和完善随钻扩眼工具及技术的几个重要内容。实践表明，随钻扩眼技术在处理井下复杂情况、降低钻井综合成本、提高钻井速度、提高建井质量和安全性等方面具有显著的优势，随钻扩眼工具也正逐渐成为一种重要的石油钻井配套工具。     

钻井机器人的连续油管钻压和钻速控制模型

连续油管钻井机器人利用机身内外的钻井液压力差作为动力源，可在牵引连续油管的同时加载钻压。以钻井机器人为基础，建立连续油管钻柱动力学模型，并推导出通过钻井液排量控制钻压和钻速的单参数控制数学模型；对钻井机器人引入调速回路，建立具有调速功能的钻柱动力学模型；在溢流阀调定压力大于机身内外压差时，推导出利用钻井液排量和节流阀流通面积两种参数控制钻压、钻速的数学模型，在溢流阀调定压力小于机身内外压差时，推导出利用钻井液排量、节流阀流通面积和溢流阀调定压力3种参数控制钻压、钻速的数学模型；以11.43 cm（4.5英寸）井眼为例，对上述3种数学模型进行了分析。分析结果表明：钻压、钻速随钻井液排量的增加基本呈线性增加，在钻井液排量大于0.005 m³/s时，钻井机器人能够向前爬行，在钻井液排量大于0.005 7 m³/s时，钻头能够正常钻进；调节节流阀流通面积和溢流阀调定压力，可以在一定范围内无级调钻压和钻速；3种控制方法相结合，可以实现小排量、大钻压，及大排量、小钻压等钻井参数的控制。以控制模型为基础，针对不同井下工况建立钻进工艺的专家数据库，以钻井机器人为"大脑"，结合井下随钻测量数据就能够实现闭环控制，自动钻进。     

Still No Evidence for Perfect Timesharing With Two Ideomotor-Compatible Tasks: A Reply to Greenwald (2003).

For 30 years, A. G. Greenwald and H. G. Shulman's (1973) psychological refractory period (PRP) study has been cited as evidence for perfect timesharing with ideomotor (IM)-compatible tasks. Recently, M.-C. Lien, R. W. Proctor, and P. A. Allen (2002) failed to replicate these results and concluded that IM compatibility is neither necessary nor sufficient to eliminate the PRP effect. A. G. Greenwald (2003) attributed Lien et al.'s nonreplication to the use of (a) a non-IM-compatible task, (b) varied trial spacing, and/or (c) inappropriate instructions. The authors of the present article argue that the first 2 factors are not critical and that instructions merely affect the criterion for speed versus accuracy. In each of Greenwald's experiments, dual-task costs were evident on response time or error rates. Furthermore, the small dual-task costs in his study are consistent with a bottleneck model. Thus, Greenwald (2003) does not provide evidence that IM-compatible tasks enable perfect timesharing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

抽吸式微取心PDC钻头的研究与应用

常规PDC钻头切削产生的粉状或片状岩屑颗粒不便于地质录井,对此提出了一种新型抽吸式微取心PDC钻头。该抽吸式微取心PDC钻头取消了常规PDC钻头心部的主切削齿,设置特殊的水力结构,使钻头心部在钻进过程中形成一定直径的竖直岩心并适时折断,通过负压抽吸作用将断的微岩心从钻头体内部流道带离井底。结合破岩仿真与液固两相流理论,研究了在岩心、岩屑与钻井液混合流动的流场中,射流喷嘴直径的大小对取心通道中抽吸效果的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明,对于拟定条件下钻头直径为215.9 mm的微取心PDC钻头,当射流喷嘴直径为8 mm时,从排心孔排出的岩心、岩屑和钻井液的质量较高,其负压腔的抽吸效果较好。室内及现场试验表明:采集的岩心以柱状为主,岩心完整性和采集率高;在磨溪111井位嘉陵江组二段3亚段至长兴组上部地层,获总进尺805.65 m,平均机械钻速为4.57 m/h,最高机械钻速可达7.4 m/h;该钻头在嘉陵江组二段3亚段至飞仙关组一段(总进尺742 m)的机械钻速比该区块同层位的其他常规PDC钻头高出了50%以上。     

氨合成回路物料平衡的快速计算

根据化工计算的基本原理,采用物料子问题自由度分析方法和序贯模块法,对我国典型的中型氨厂氨合成流程进行回路切断和物料衡算,结果无需复杂的物热联解和全系统的迭代收敛,程序简单,计算快速。     

刚性卵形弹丸对半无限厚铝合金靶的穿深方程

基于圆柱形空腔膨胀模型,将靶板变形所做的塑性功等效为刚性弹在整个侵彻过程所消耗的动能,对用于计算刚性卵形弹侵彻半无限厚铝合金靶板的侵深公式进行了推导.利用MTS万能试验机对2A12T4、6061T6、7075T6共3种铝合金材料进行了室温下的静态力学性能实验,得到了它们的真实应力-应变曲线,并将各参数代入侵深方程进行计...     

弹丸垂直侵彻陶瓷/金属复合靶板的简化模型

根据薄板在冲击载荷作用下的动力响应理论,利用能量法建立了陶瓷／金属复舍靶板抵抗小型穿甲弹侵彻的理论分析模型．在给定的靶板条件下,该模型可以模拟在冲击载荷作用下的复合靶板的弹道极限速度,并分别对铝板和钢板做背板的复合靶板进行了试验验证;同时,在相同的面密度下,比较了不同背板的抗弹效果,实验结果和数值结果吻合较好．     

缩比件弹体侵彻混凝土过程相似律研究

在模拟实验条件下 ,研究了不同缩比件钨合金弹体侵彻混凝土过程的相似性。结果表明 ,钨合金弹体侵彻混凝土靶体时 ,在高速区侵彻深度与弹速间存在线性关系 ;弹体直径较大时 ,可以把不同直径弹体侵彻过程受到的平均压力看作相等 ,并且侵彻过程存在几何相似性