遗传算法在微间隙焊缝分割中的应用

焊缝识别是焊缝跟踪的前提条件。针对激光焊接紧密对接微间隙(焊缝间隙不大于0.15 mm)焊缝,利用磁光传感器实时采集焊缝区域信息,焊缝与母材在磁场作用下进行成像,研究遗传算法在焊缝图像阈值分割中的应用。介绍遗传算法的基本理论,重点阐述遗传算法在微间隙焊缝检测中的应用,与传统的焊缝边缘检测算法相比,遗传算法能够更准确地提取焊缝信息,得到完整的焊缝边缘轮廓。试验结果表明,该方法能有效地识别微间隙焊缝。     

基于遗传算法的机器零件圆柱度误差评定方法研究

为解决机器零件圆柱度误差在线评定过程复杂和精度较低的问题,将遗传算法应用于圆柱度误差在线评定方法的研究中。根据测量装置的工作原理,建立了圆柱度误差评定的数学模型,并对其进行了简化;采用实数编码和引入迁移算子的遗传算法对最小区域圆柱度误差进行了评定,通过设计圆柱度误差在线检测装置,利用Matlab和VC混合编程的方式,完成了圆柱度误差评定系统的构建,最后采用实验数据对系统性能进行了测试。研究结果表明,所构建的误差评定系统能够简化误差评定过程,并可满足机器零件精度检验的要求。     

基于遗传算法的18Ni300钢持久性能的神经网络预测

本文研究时效温度和时效时长对18Ni300马氏体时效钢持久性能的影响,对经过不同时效处理的18Ni300钢进行不同高温条件下的持久性能测试。结果表明:在时效温度480℃时,时效处理5h的18Ni300钢的持久性能较时效处理5h有明显提高,且经不同时效处理的马氏体时效钢的持久性能随测试温度的增加而逐渐下降。从模型泛化能力和预测精度出发,根据有限的持久性实验数据,基于遗传算法构建了预测18Ni300钢持久性能的3-12-1型GA-BP神经网络模型。18Ni300钢持久性能的GA-BP网络预测结果与试验数据的吻合性较好,这说明所构建的18Ni300钢的持久性能GA-BP神经网络模型的预测精度和可靠性较高,可有效用于时效处理对18Ni300钢持久性能的预测。     

基于遗传算法优化神经网络的镁合金化学机械抛光材料去除模型与仿真

镁合金化学机械抛光(CMP)的材料去除与其工艺参数具有高度非线性的特点,难以采用精确的数学模型来描述。以遗传算法(GA)优化神经网络(NN)建模为基础,利用正交试验设计获取镁合金CMP材料去除样本数据和测试数据,建立镁合金CMP材料去除模型。该模型以抛光压力、抛光盘转速、抛光液流量和抛光时间为输入参数,以材料去除速率为输出目标。结果表明：GA NN协同模型能够构建镁合金CMP工艺参数与材料去除速率的基本关系;其拟合度波动范围为93.22%~97.97%,大大高于NN模型的拟合度波动范围71.56%~93.56%,因而具有更优的预测能力,基本满足工程实际的需求。     

磁脉冲胀形管件材料本构参数识别方法

磁脉冲自由胀形后的管件沿轴向材料分布不均匀,且由于其特殊的几何形状无法通过单向拉伸试验获取其材料参数。为获取磁脉冲胀形管的材料参数,提出了一种基于显微压痕试验的磁脉冲自由胀形管件材料参数的获取方法,整个材料参数获取过程包括显微压痕试验、显微压痕试验有限元模型的建立及验证和基于多岛遗传算法(MIGA)的计算反求3部分。通过显微压痕试验获取胀形管轴向不同位置点处的载荷-侵入量曲线,然后通过改变显微压痕有限元模型中的材料参数使仿真得到的载荷-侵入量曲线不断逼近试验的载荷-侵入量曲线,当两曲线在最小二乘意义上达到误差最小时,由仿真得到的材料参数即被认为是真实的材料参数。最后,将反求得到的不同位置点的材料参数整体代入到磁脉冲自由胀形管轴向压溃仿真中,通过比较轴向压溃仿真与轴向压溃试验的变形模式以及力-位移曲线、峰值力、平均力、总吸能等参数来验证参数的准确性。     

Frequency modulated weak signal detection based on stochastic resonance and genetic algorithm

Stochastic resonance system is subject to the restriction of small frequency parameter in weak signal detection,in order to solve this problem,a frequency modul...     

Optimum design for unbonded posttensioned precast split shear wall system using genetic algorithm

Precast concrete structures are increasingly being adopted by building designers in regions of high seismicity. An unbonded posttensioned (PT) precast split shear wall system (UPPSSW) was proposed by the Precast Seismic Structural Systems (PRESSS). The UPPSSW system is composed of two or more single precast concrete wall panels that are connected together with energy‐dissipating shear connectors and anchored to the foundation with unbonded PT tendons located at the panel center. In this paper, an optimum design program has been developed for designing this system. The objective of the optimum process is to find the optimum combination between PT tendons and shear connectors while keeping the moment capacity of the wall equal to the applied design moment and achieving zero residual drift simultaneously. In addition, MATLAB was employed to explore an optimization program using genetic algorithm. Compared with the existing design methods for the system, the optimum design program proposed in this research is accurate, efficient, and direct. Moreover, it can yield the optimum design automatically and quickly. As a result, the existing lengthy and manual design process of trial and error for the system can be avoided.     

Optimal placement of metallic dampers for seismic upgrading of multistory buildings based on a cost‐effectiveness criterion using genetic algorithm

In this paper, an optimal placement methodology for metallic dampers is proposed to upgrade the seismic performance of multistory buildings. Most previous studies on optimal damper placement (ODP) problems have been focused on minimizing the seismic responses, whereas the present study aims to utilize the minimum total cost of dampers to achieve a prescribed level of seismic response. To this end, the optimization objective is constructed based on a cost‐effectiveness criterion, and the optimization constraint is defined based on a desired level of seismic response. An improved integer‐coded genetic algorithm is presented for solving the ODP problem. A 16‐story shear building is illustrated to verify the proposed optimal placement methodology. It is shown that the proposed methodology can be used to achieve the predetermined performance level while minimizing the retrofitting cost. Moreover, different algorithms, objective functions, and levels of accuracy on the optimization are also compared. Finally, a two‐step optimization approach is proposed for achieving better placement schemes with less computational efforts.     

The conditional mean spectra by disaggregating the eta spectral shape indicator

Conditional spectra are a recent development in this field, which utilizes the advantages of spectral shape indicators, for example, epsilon and eta. The application of an eta indicator in conditional spectra calculations depends mainly on calculating the peak ground velocity epsilon, data about which are not readily available in the current literature. This issue has been solved by linear regression between the conventional epsilon and the peak ground velocity epsilon. However, not enough attention has been paid in the literature to the disaggregation of the eta indicator. For this reason, the disaggregation of seismic hazard based on the use of an eta indicator has been investigated in this paper, based on a simplified linear seismic source. The obtained results were compared with the available approach in the literature, which shows that this refinement has a meaningful effect on the conditional spectra specifically in the short period range. Furthermore, eta‐based conditional spectra are used at different hazard levels to select ground‐motion records. A three‐storeyed building is then analysed, and the corresponding annual probability of failure is calculated based on the full dataset as well as on the records, which were selected based on conditional spectra.     

基于改进的GA-ELM煤与瓦斯突出预测模型

为准确、快速地预测煤与瓦斯突出,提出了一种基于因子分析和遗传算法(GA)优化极限学习机(ELM)的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测模型。构建10种影响因素的煤与瓦斯突出评价指标体系,采用因子分析法对评价指标体系进行分析提取,将提取出的5个公因子作为ELM的输入参数,为避免ELM输入权值和隐含层偏差随机性的影响,应用GA对ELM模型参数进行优化,构建GA-ELM模型,选取20组实例进行仿真预测,同时与传统单一的ELM、SVM和BP模型进行对比分析。结果表明:基于改进的GA-ELM模型能有效降低数据冗余、简化网络结构和提高判别精度,提出将其运用到煤与瓦斯突出的预测与实际结果具有很好的一致性。