Boundary knot method for 2D and 3D Helmholtz and convection–diffusion problems under complicated geometry

The boundary knot method (BKM) of very recent origin is an inherently meshless, integration‐free, boundary‐type, radial basis function collocation technique for the numerical discretization of general partial differential equation systems. Unlike the method of fundamental solutions, the use of non‐singular general solution in the BKM avoids the unnecessary requirement of constructing a controversial artificial boundary outside the physical domain. The purpose of this paper is to extend the BKM to solve 2D Helmholtz and convection–diffusion problems under rather complicated irregular geometry. The method is also first applied to 3D problems. Numerical experiments validate that the BKM can produce highly accurate solutions using a relatively small number of knots. For inhomogeneous cases, some inner knots are found necessary to guarantee accuracy and stability. The stability and convergence of the BKM are numerically illustrated and the completeness issue is also discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用注视控制器实现复杂运动的仿真

注视控制器是3DS MAX软件的众多控件之一，它能使多个物体彼此间产生运动约束。通过使用注视控制器功能，笔者成功制作出八足爬壁式仿生机械昆虫的运动场景动画，并使该仿生机械昆虫各足的行走动作符合机械零件作平面复杂运动时所应遵守的正确运动规律。由此证明，3DS MAX软件注视控制器对正确模拟特殊机械装置的复杂运动可产生极大作用。     

Life quality index for the estimation of societal willingness-to-pay for safety

The engineering and management of human safety is an important societal objective that includes extensive efforts by governments, both legislative and administrative, to enhance the health and safety of the public. Although the achievement of safety goals depend primarily on individuals and organizations responsible for safety, much support is drawn from expertise in diverse scientific and engineering disciplines. The activities range from structural safety (dams, tunnels, bridges to tall buildings) to safe operation of hazardous industrial installations (energy generation facilities, LNG terminals, petrochemical plants) to transportation systems (airline, rail, car safety) to technologies designed to minimize adverse impacts on the environment. All these activities are crucially concerned with risk: with the likelihood and the probable effects of various measures on life and health. We have developed a unified rationale and a clear basis for effective strategic management of risk across diverse sectors. Safety is an important objective in society but it is not the only one. The allocation of society's resources devoted to safety must be continually appraised in light of competing needs, because there is a limit on the resources that can be expended to extend life. The paper presents the Life Quality Index (LQI) as a tool for the assessment of risk reduction initiatives that would support the public interest and enhance safety and quality of life. The paper provides an intuitive reformulation of the LQI as equivalent to a valid utility function that is consistent with the principles of rational decision analysis. The LQI is further refined to consider the issues of discounting of life years, competing background risks, and population age and mortality distribution. The LQI is applied to quantify the societal willingness-to-pay, which is an acceptable level of public expenditure in exchange for a reduction in the risk of death that results in improved life-quality.     

褶积与逆褶积技术在核物理测量中的应用

讨论了褶积与逆褶积技术在核物理测量,主要是波形和能谱测量中的应用。还介绍了褶积与逆褶积的数值计算方法,给出了计算公式。     

几何造型的自由畸变方法

几何造型是计算机图形学的重要研究内容，ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ的核心技术，现行的许多造型系统仅限于造型二次曲面及旋转曲面，没有自由曲面造型能力，本文研究的自由畸变为法，很容易扩展这些系统的自由曲面造型功能，该方法已成功地用于扩展ＭＯＶＩＥ．ＢＹＵ系统的自由曲面造型功能。     

新型蓝绿发光材料ZnSe／BeTe超晶格的能带剪裁

由于器件的快速退化，101.5小时似乎成了Znse基蓝绿色半导体激光器难于逾越的寿命极限。分析退化机制，发现在强电流注入的半导体激光器中，热退化具有重要影响。研究表明，用作载流子限制层的宽带Ⅱ-Ⅵ族四元合金（如ZnMgSSe）只能对ZnSe中的电子有效地限制，无法对空穴很好地限制;而对BeTe，却只能对空穴进行有效的限制，无法对电子很好地限制。这导致ZnSe（或BeTe）活性层空穴（或电子）漏电发热，引起退化。本文提出以ZnSe／BeTe超晶格为蓝绿发光层，并用包络函数理论具体计算了阱宽、垒宽对载流子能级的不同影响，考察了ZnSe、BeTe厚度比和超晶格周期对带隙、载流子限制能力的调节。为研制新型长寿命蓝绿色半导体激光器提供了一条新的途径。     

网络分解法的误差分析

网络分解法是求解电大尺寸复杂结构电磁问题的重要方法之一,关于网络分解法误差分析的研究有着重要的理论意义和实用价值.本文给出了网络分解法的误差估计,并对于脉冲基函数转换成三角基函数的情况给出了三角基函数个数的最优公式,数值结果表明了分析的正确性.     

城市中心区游憩功能的开发——以武汉市为例

从我国游憩空间建设实践中 ,概括出对城市游憩功能认识过程的四个阶段 .进而 ,从城市中心商业区、历史街区和城市滨水区三个方面讨论了城市中心区的游憩功能开发问题 .最后 ,以武汉市为例进行了分析     

Assessment of Capillary Rise from Shallow Groundwater by the Simulation Model SIMWASER Using Either Estimated Pedotransfer Functions or Measured Hydraulic Parameters

The performance of the water balance and crop growth model SIMWASER to estimate the water supply of a lawn by capillary rise from shallow ground water was investigated by using lysimeter measurements with a sandy and a clayey soil. Moreover the robustness of the model was evaluated by running it either with measured hydraulic soil parameters or with estimated pedotransfer functions (PTFs) derived from texture and bulk density. Simulations were performed for the years 1996–1998 with input data from the lysimeter station Berlin-Dahlem (Germany) for lysimeters containing undisturbed sandy or clayey soil monoliths, with groundwater at 135 cm depth. Simulated evapotranspiration and percolation/capillary rise were in good agreement with the measured data for all variants, while simulated soil water storage was acceptable only for the variants using hydraulic soil data based on laboratory measurements or using PTFs derived from known soil class and bulk density. PTFs based on mean total pore volume of the respective soil classes yielded soil water storages which were evidently too high; therefore they should be used with care and must be avoided at all in simulating the soil water balance of arid sites with shallow groundwater.