Effects of Berry Anthocyanins on Cognitive Performance,Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Intervention Studies in Humans

Supplementation with anthocyanins, which are a type of flavonoids mainly found in various berries, is hypothesized to be a promising approach to lower the risk of developing cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of dietary intervention trials describing effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance in humans, while also addressing potential underlying mechanisms. A total of 1197 articles were identified through a systematic search, and 49 studies reporting effects on cognitive performance (n = 18), vascular function (n = 22), or cardiometabolic risk markers (n = 32) were included. Significant improvements were observed on memory, while some of the studies also reported effects on attention and psychomotor speed or executive function. Vascular function markers such as brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation were also affected and consistent evidence was provided for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on endothelial function. Finally, studies reported improvements in blood pressure, but effects on metabolic risk markers (e.g. carbohydrate and lipid metabolism) were less consistent. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance as memory improved. Whether observed anthocyanin-induced improvements in vascular function and blood pressure underlie beneficial effects on cognitive performance warrants further study.     

实践工程总承包之体会

介绍了目前国际上广为采用的5种工程总承包方式以及水泥工业建设项目总包工程合同管理和索赔管理的内容与要求;分析了设计单位进行工程总承包的优势所在;探讨了工程总包实施中各类风险。     

聚合釜超压喷料火灾爆炸事故风险分析

分析了聚合釜因过程失控产生超压的原因，并采用TNT当量法定量分析了氯乙烯泄漏爆炸事故的危害，计算出了死亡、财产损失的具体范围，提出了预防此类事故的一般性措施。     

Obesity in children – facts and fallacies

Obesity is now recognised as the most prevalent nutritional disorder affecting children. Prevalence rates across Europe have increased sharply in the past decade and the consequences of this are increasingly clear with type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension now affecting children in growing numbers. The causes of this modern epidemic are many and involve complex genetic and environmental factors and the traditional view of obesity as a product of laziness and greed is increasingly being challenged. Whatever the causes, prevention and treatment need to be considered with urgency. While personal and parental responsibility remain crucial, it also falls to government to help control powerful environmental pressures which are leading our children into premature ill‐health and mortality. Equally health professionals are increasingly recognising that they have a significant role to play in delivering medical treatment of obesity in children. Successful treatment requires a greater understanding of obesity, causes, and consequences, and of the particular style of approach that is required for children, and their families. The role of weight loss medication remains unclear, but is being examined seriously, such is the need for effective treatment strategies to minimise the incidence and severity of co‐morbid disease. Inaction at any level can no longer be considered a viable option.     

PRIVACY LEAKAGE IN HEALTH SOCIAL NETWORKS

Members of health social networks may be susceptible to privacy leaks by the amount of information they leave behind. The threat to privacy increases when members of these networks reuse their pseudonyms in other social networks. The risk of re‐identifying users from such networks requires quantitative estimates to evaluate its magnitude. The estimates will enable managers and members of health social communities to take corrective measures. We introduce a new re‐identification attack, the social network attack, that takes advantage of the fact that users reuse their pseudonyms. To demonstrate the attack, we establish links between MedHelp and Twitter (two popular social networks) based on matching pseudonyms. We used Bayesian networks to model the re‐identification risk and used stylometric techniques to identify the strength of the links. On the basis of our model 7‐11. 8% of the MedHelp members in the sample population who reused their pseudonyms in Twitter were re‐identifiable compared with 1% who did not. The risk estimates were measured at the 5% risk threshold. Our model was able to re‐identify users with a sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 96%. The potential for re‐identification increases as more data is accumulated from these profiles, which makes the threat of re‐identification more serious.     

淮河流域水资源短缺风险评估与时空分析

根据2003-2013年淮河流域五省的降水量、径流系数、人均水资源量、人均GDP、人口密度等相关数据,构建水资源短缺风险评价体系,用熵权法对指标赋值,运用可变模糊模型对淮河流域及各省的水资源短缺风险进行评估和时空差异分析。结果表明:2003-2013年间淮河流域水资源短缺风险值总体较高,且呈缓慢的增长趋势,2004年降水较少,风险值达到最高;十年间河南省风险增加最为明显,而山东省较为稳定,风险增加也最低;在淮河流域五个区域中,河南省的风险程度最高,达到3.52;江苏省、山东省次之;安徽省和湖北省相对较低,达到2.86和2.51。水资源短缺风险二级指标分析发现,危险性最强的是河南省,安徽省最小;水资源短缺易损性最强的是山东省,湖北省最小;水资源短缺暴露性最强的是江苏省,山东省最小;水资源短缺可恢复性最好的是湖北省,河南省最差。同时,所有评价指标中人口密度、人均GDP、降水量对水资源短缺风险的影响较大。     

陈家冲垃圾填埋场地下水环境健康风险评价

垃圾填埋是目前国内处理城市生活垃圾的主要方式,由垃圾渗滤液引发地下水环境污染已成为当前主要的水环境问题之一。选择武汉市陈家冲垃圾填埋场为研究对象,通过对该区周边地下水布孔取样和监测,分析了垃圾填埋场对其周围地下水环境的影响。结果表明:研究区地下水的主要污染因子为Pb、Cd和Fe,且各污染物的浓度与采样深度、井距呈负相关关系。垃圾填埋场产生污染的影响范围主要在距离800m以内、深度小于5.5m的地下水。为进一步了解该区地下水对人体健康危害的风险程度,对研究区地下水进行了水环境健康风险评价,结果显示:研究区各采样井地下水的总风险值在2.71×10~(-4)/a~7.12×10~(-3)/a,均超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值5.0×10~(-5)/a,主要风险因子为基因毒物质Cd和Cr(VI)以及躯体毒物质硝态氮;其中,Cd和硝态氮所致的健康风险值超标率100%,而Cr(VI)的健康风险值超标率为50%,对暴露人群存在健康危害风险。此外,对男性和女性健康风险值的研究显示,研究区地下水环境中污染物的男性健康危害风险值普遍高于女性。     

对投资子午胎产业热潮的思考

面对80亿元人民币投资我国子午胎产业的热潮，冷静解剖轮胎产业和市场，按照经济结构分析企业发展趋势，预测子午胎企业2003年市场需求和近几年发展总趋势。提出构筑子午胎企业竞争优势的战略大框架，建议组建国家级联合舰队，提升我国子午胎行业的国际竞争力，规避市场风险。     

基于多决策树的RFID入侵检测模型

为了能够有效对RFID系统的已知攻击和未知攻击进行检测和预警,在分析大量RFID安全协议的基础上,提出了利用构建多决策树的方法对RFID系统的入侵行为进行检测。通过分析,得到所构造出的多决策树能够发现针对RFID系统的攻击之间的关系,并且具有可扩展性和高效性,使之能够适用于各种实际的RFID系统的应用。     

基于贝叶斯网络的移动支付风险评估模型

随着信息技术和网络的迅猛发展,支付业务、技术及工具不断创新,移动支付的发展在逐渐加快。移动支付给人们生活带来方便和快捷的同时,也存在着较高的潜在风险,容易遭受非法入侵和恶意攻击。就移动支付风险的分析及风险值的计算理论方面开展工作,在贝叶斯网络的基础上,针对移动支付的主要组成主体,提出移动支付风险评估模型,通过使用该模型进行移动支付风险评估不仅可以对目前移动支付的风险进行评估,还可以根据风险评估结果引导风险控制,对比风险控制前后的风险值判断风险控制的效果,通过案例分析,提出的移动支付风险评估模型可以很好地完成移动支付的风险评估要求。