Review of Contributions toward evidence-based psychocardiology: A systematic review of the literature.

Reviews the book, Contributions toward evidence-based psychocardiology: A systematic review of the literature by Jochen Jordan, Benjamin Bardé, and Andreas-Michael Zeiher (see record 2006-13513-000). Reflecting a strong trend in the field towards evidence-based behavioural medicine, 10 systematic reviews of broad areas in psychocardiology are presented. Unfortunately, although the copyright date is 2007, the reviews focus largely on research published more than five years earlier, ignoring what are arguably the largest and most influential clinical trials and observational studies in behavioural medicine to date. The first chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the sociological aspects of the development and course of coronary heart disease (CHD). The final chapter is an examination of cardiac rehabilitation from a health systems analysis perspective. In between, the authors cover various psychological, psychosocial and medical aspects of CHD. The reviewers commend the editors for compiling an ambitious book on an important topic, but lament that its inconsistent approach is unlikely to completely satisfy physicians, behavioral medicine researchers or graduate students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A randomized controlled trial of goal choice interventions for alcohol use disorders among men who have sex with men.

This study tested the efficacy of behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUD) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and who are at risk for HIV transmission. HIV-negative MSM with current AUD (N = 198) were recruited, offered treatment focused on reducing drinking and HIV risk, and followed during treatment and 12 months posttreatment. Participants (n = 89) accepted treatment and were randomized to either 4 sessions of motivational interviewing (MI) or 12 sessions of combined MI and coping skills training (MI + CBT). Other participants (n = 109) declined treatment but were followed, forming a non-help-seeking group (NHS). MI yielded significantly better drinking outcomes during the 12-week treatment period than MI + CBT, but posttreatment outcomes were equivalent. NHS participants significantly reduced their drinking as well. Service delivery and treatment research implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Finance, Policy and Industrial Dynamics—The Rise of Co-productions in the Film Industry

This paper explores the growing phenomenon of international co-productions in the film industry. We argue that the rise of co-productions is part of a wider narrative of financial and institutional innovation shaping industrial organization in the film industry. This narrative centres on film finance as a central risk distribution mechanism, and discusses how changes in film support policy, increased tax competition, the search for finance and an abundance of inflowing capital are increasingly driving industrial dynamics in the film industry.     

消费者网上购物行为的实证研究

在采用模型(TAM)框架下引入任务技术匹配(TTF)和感知风险(PR),构建了消费者网上购物的概念模型TAM/TTF/PR,并在中国背景下进行实证检验.结果表明:网上购物的意向最大程度上决定着实际行为,而其最主要的驱动要素则是感知有用性;TTF通过直接和间接的方式来对实际行为产生很大的正影响,并可以降低对实际行为有较大抑制作用的PR;而感知易用性间接地对实际行为产生正影响的力度十分微弱.证明了TAM/TTF/PR模型优于TAM/PR模型.研究结果可为关于电子商务的理论研究和实践探索提供启示.     

基于SPA的企业境外上市自身风险综合评价研究

对境外上市过程中企业自身存在的风险进行了识别分析,建立了风险评价指标体系,运用集对分析法对企业境外上市过程中的自身风险进行了客观评价,为企业境外上市风险管理提供现实、可行的决策依据.     

Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and children's functioning at school entry.

Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the authors modeled trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from infant age 1 month to 7 years. The authors identified 6 trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: high-chronic, moderate-increasing, high-decreasing, intermittent, moderate-stable, and low-stable. Women on these depression trajectories varied in sociodemographic risk and in changes in observed maternal sensitivity over time. Maternal sensitivity was generally higher and increased when depressive symptoms were low; sensitivity was lower and decreased when depressive symptoms were either high or increasing. Child outcomes at 1st grade were examined by trajectory group. The authors discuss the complexity of disentangling maternal symptoms from maternal sensitivity and sociodemographic risk when predicting children's functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pathways to childhood depressive symptoms: The role of social, cognitive, and genetic risk factors.

Childhood depressive conditions have been explored from multiple theoretical approaches but with few empirical attempts to address the interrelationships among these different domains and their combined effects. In the present study, the authors examined different pathways through which social, cognitive, and genetic risk factors may be expressed to influence depressive symptoms in 300 pairs of child twins from a longitudinal study. Path analysis supported several indirect routes. First, risks associated with living in a step- or single-parent family and punitive parenting did not directly influence depressive outcome but were instead mediated through maternal depressive symptoms and child negative attributional style. Second, the effects of negative attributional style on depressive outcome were greatly exacerbated in the presence of precipitating negative life events. Third, independent of these social and cognitive risk mechanisms, modest genetic effects were also implicated in symptoms, with some indication that these risks are expressed through exposure to negative stressors. Together, these routes accounted for approximately 13% of total phenotypic variance in depressive symptoms. Theoretical and analytical implications of these results are discussed in the context of several design-related caveats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality and mortality risk across the life span: The importance of conscientiousness as a biopsychosocial attribute.

Objective: This study addressed whether personality in childhood and personality in adulthood are independent predictors of mortality risk and the extent to which behavioral and other psychosocial factors can explain observed relationships between personality and mortality risk. Design: This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 1,253 male and female Californians over 7 decades (1930-2000). Proportional hazards regressions were the principal analyses. Main Outcome Measures: Mortality risk (in the form of relative hazards) was the primary outcome. Additional tests of mediators and moderators ascertained whether associations between personality and mortality risk remained significant when psychosocial and behavioral variables were statistically controlled. Results: The findings, including a new 14-year additional follow-up in old age, revealed that conscientiousness, measured independently in childhood and adulthood, predicted mortality risk across the full life span. The link from childhood remained robust when adult conscientiousness and certain behavioral variables were controlled. Psychosocial and behavioral variables partly explained the adult conscientiousness-longevity association. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the utility and complexity of modern personality concepts in understanding health and point to conscientiousness as a key underexplored area for future biopsychosocial studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Does age make a difference? Predicting physical activity of South Koreans.

Social cognition models of health behavior are commonly understood as being universal, which implies that they are applicable to groups varying in age or cultural background, for example. Cultural uniqueness and characteristics of life-span development, however, necessitate the study of differential effects. Accordingly, the health action process approach (HAPA) was examined in younger and middle-aged/older adults from South Korea (N = 697) who participated in a longitudinal health screening study with a 6-month time lag. The HAPA model had a good fit within the middle-aged/older adult sample. Physical activity was predicted by planning, coping self-efficacy, and intention, which were, in turn, predicted by action self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perceptions. Conversely, the results indicated a poor model fit in the younger adult sample. The results suggest a different motivation for the involvement in physical activity as a function of age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting future reconviction in offenders with intellectual disabilities: The predictive efficacy of VRAG, PCL-SV, and the HCR-20.

Accurate predictions of future reconviction, including those for violent crimes, have been shown to be greatly aided by the use of formal risk assessment instruments. However, it is unclear as to whether these instruments would also be predictive in a sample of offenders with intellectual disabilities. In this study, the authors have shown that the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (V. L. Quinsey, G. T. Harris, M. E. Rice, & C. Cormier, 1998); the Psychopathy Checklist--Screening Version (S. D. Hart, D. N. Cox, & R. D. Hare, 1995); and the History, Clinical, Risk Management--20 (C. D. Webster, K. S. Douglas, D. Eaves, & S. D. Hart, 1997) were all significant predictors of violent and general reconviction in this sample, and in many cases, their efficacy was greater than in a control sample of mentally disordered offenders without an intellectual disability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)