Basic actions to improve energy efficiency in commercial buildings in operation

Numerous studies have focused on improving energy efficiency in commercial buildings. Engineers and researchers have developed complex methods to improve energy efficiency, but buildings are often managed by non-specialised technicians who need understandable and cost-effective actions to implement in their buildings. This paper presents basic actions on which to base improvements in energy efficiency in commercial buildings in operation. Furthermore, obtained results and details of the implementation of these techniques in various buildings in the Universitat Politècnica de València are presented.     

Optimal haulage routing of off-road dump trucks in construction and mining sites using Google Earth and a modified least-cost path algorithm

This study presents new software, called Google Earth-based Optimal HAulage RouTing System (GEOHARTS), to improve the functionality of Google Earth for optimal haulage routing of off-road dump trucks in construction and mining sites. A modified least-cost path algorithm, which is applicable to working areas with both paved and unpaved temporary roads and can consider the effects of terrain relief and curves along a route on the route planning, was proposed and utilized for the software development. GEOHARTS can determine optimal haulage routes between loaders and dumps that ensure the least travel time or fuel consumption of off-road dump trucks and can visualize the results using an embedded 3D render window of Google Earth. The application to the Pasir open-pit coal mine in Indonesia demonstrates that GEOHARTS could provide a rational solution to support the truck haulage operations.     

烧结脱硫系统运行维护分析

通过分析钢铁企业烧结烟气脱硫系统运行中的常见故障及其原因,提出了相应的措施和对策,以指导湿式石灰-石膏法烧结烟气脱硫系统的运行管理及其日常维护、保养工作。     

Design and performance of vacuum capable detector electronics for linear position sensitive neutron detectors

We describe the design and performance of electronics for linear position sensitive neutron detectors. The eight tube assembly requires 10 W of power and can be controlled via digital communication links. The electronics can be used without modification in vacuum. Using a transimpedance amplifier and gated integration, we achieve a highly linear system with coefficient of determinations of 0.9999 or better. Typical resolution is one percent of tube length.     

循环冷却水场运行水平评价方法的研究

以循环水车间5座循环水场4 a的检测数据为基础资料,经过数理统计分析检测数据与控制目标的离散程度,对5座循环水场近两年的运行状况进行评价,并对循环水场今后的运行控制提出建议,为提高各循环水场运行水平提供切入点。     

圆弧斜切面顶板坐标放样施工技术

以长治市新闻大楼工程为例,介绍了圆弧斜切面顶板坐标放样施工技术,具体阐述了工艺原理、施工工艺流程及操作要点,提出了质量控制、成品保护、安全保证等措施,并进行了效益分析,为今后类似工程积累了经验。     

电力线通信在逆变器无互联线并联中的应用

提出了一种采用电力线通讯的逆变器无互联线并联运行控制方案,即各并联逆变器通过公共低压交流输出母线,以电力线载波通信的方式交换彼此的信息,从而实现负载的有功和无功的有效均分。两台单相逆变器并联试验结果证明了这种无互联线并联运行的有效性和实用性。     

贵州电网调度操作模式优化探讨

介绍了贵州电网调度操作模式现状及存在的问题,分析了贵州电网调度操作模式优化研究的内容和关键技术,并在贵州电网新型优化调度操作模式可行性分析基础上,提出了优化调度操作模式的实施方案,包括整体要求、管理规定和注意事项等。     

基于MCF51EM256低压保护测控装置的研发

在分析低压配电监控需求的基础上,提出了基于MCF51EM256单芯片SOC的解决方案,该方案利用其片内高精度16位ADC和高速32位COLDFIRE-V1核较好地实现了保护、测量、控制、管理和通讯功能,从而经济高效地满足了低压测控装置的完整需求,具有较高的参考价值.     

A sub‐1V supply CMOS voltage reference generator

An integrated sub‐1V voltage reference generator, designed in standard 90‐nm CMOS technology, is presented in this paper. The proposed voltage reference circuit consists of a conventional bandgap core based on the use of p‐n‐p substrate vertical bipolar devices and a voltage‐to‐current converter. The former produces a current with a positive temperature coefficient (TC), whereas the latter translates the emitter‐base voltage of the core p‐n‐p bipolar device to a current with a negative TC. The circuit includes two operational amplifiers with a rail‐to‐rail output stage for enabling stable and robust operation overall process and supply voltage variations while it employs a total resistance of less than 600 K Ω. Detailed analysis is presented to demonstrate that the proposed circuit technique enables die area reduction. The presented voltage reference generator exhibits a PSRR of 52.78 dB and a TC of 23.66ppm/^°C in the range of ? 40 and 125^°C at the typical corner case at 1 V. The output reference voltage of 510 mV achieves a total absolute variation of ± 3.3% overall process and supply voltage variations and a total standard deviation, σ, of 4.5 mV, respectively, in the temperature range of ? 36 and 125^°C. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.