Performance analysis of cooperative spatial multiplexing networks with AF/DF relaying and linear receiver over Rayleigh fading channels

Cooperative spatial multiplexing (CSM) system has played an important role in wireless networks by offering a substantial improvement in multiplexing gain compared with its cooperative diversity counterpart. However, there is a limited number of research works that consider the performance of CSM systems. As such, in this paper, we have derived exact performance of CSM with amplify‐and‐forward and decode‐and‐forward relays in terms of outage capacity and ergodic capacity. We have shown that CSM systems yield a unity diversity order regardless of the number of antennas at the destination and the number of relays in the networks, which is the direct result of diversity and multiplexing gain trade‐off. Our analytical expressions are corroborated by Monte‐Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of an opportunistic multi‐user cognitive network with multiple primary users

Consider a multi‐user underlay cognitive network where multiple cognitive users concurrently share the spectrum with a primary network with multiple users. The channel between the secondary network is assumed to have independent but not identical Nakagami‐m fading. The interference channel between the secondary users (SUs) and the primary users is assumed to have Rayleigh fading. A power allocation based on the instantaneous channel state information is derived when a peak interference power constraint is imposed on the secondary network in addition to the limited peak transmit power of each SU. The uplink scenario is considered where a single SU is selected for transmission. This opportunistic selection depends on the transmission channel power gain and the interference channel power gain as well as the power allocation policy adopted at the users. Exact closed form expressions for the moment‐generating function, outage performance, symbol error rate performance, and the ergodic capacity are derived. Numerical results corroborate the derived analytical results. The performance is also studied in the asymptotic regimes, and the generalized diversity gain of this scheduling scheme is derived. It is shown that when the interference channel is deeply faded and the peak transmit power constraint is relaxed, the scheduling scheme achieves full diversity and that increasing the number of primary users does not impact the diversity order. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Opportunistic interference management: a new approach for multiantenna downlink cellular networks

A new approach for multiantenna broadcast channels in cellular networks based on multiuser diversity concept is introduced. The technique called opportunistic interference management achieves dirty paper coding capacity asymptotically with minimum feedback required. When there are K antennas at the base station with M mobile users in the cell, the proposed technique only requires K integer numbers related to channel state information between mobile users and base station. The encoding and decoding complexity of this scheme is the same as that of point‐to‐point communications, which makes the implementation of this technique easy. An antenna selection scheme is proposed at the base station to reduce the minimum required mobile users significantly at the expense of reasonable increase in feedback. In order to guarantee fairness, a new algorithm is presented that incorporates opportunistic interference management into existing Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) standard. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The unintended consequences of government policies and programmes for public open spaces in inner-urban Sydney

Sport is important internationally; but in Australia, it is part of the national identity. The enjoyment of public open space for sport is, therefore, an assumed community right. We interviewed key staff from inner Sydney councils about management issues associated with public open space. The greatest concern was sporting fields – formal and informal – which were considered to have exceeded carrying capacity mainly because of the unintended outcomes of government programmes/policies spanning; (1) ‘healthy lifestyles’ which increased public open space use; (2) ‘urban consolidation’ increased inner-city population density with associated increased usage and loss of open space; (3) ‘temporal water restriction’ during drought (not ‘water budgets’) which intensify management issues; and (4) ‘building the education revolution’, meaning that public open space lost from schools results in increased pressure on public open space. Consequences have increased human pressure on public open space without commensurate consideration for the management and/or expansion of these areas.     

Developing local government policy and processes for community consultation and participation

Abstract

This paper documents the development of a local government community consultation and capacity building vision and strategy. A central argument is that traditional government perspectives on community consultation must be reconsidered to include greater opportunities for informed community participation in planning and decision making processes for a sustainable community.     

既有建筑地基承载力时间效应评价的试验研究

通过大比尺室内模型试验,对既有建筑地基承载力随时间变化的规律进行了分析研究。试验中分别对模型进行持载3d、7d、14d、28d、35d、49d的载荷试验,选定以持载后继续加载产生的附加沉降占加载前总沉降的3％、5％、10％为允许变形控制指标,结合p-s曲线数据得到了在不同的允许变形控制指标下地基承载力随持载时间增长的提高数值,地基承载力在模型持载一周时间内提高的幅度较大,土体的压密效应效果显著。在实际工程中应根据工程允许的沉降变形与载荷板试验的沉降变形的对应关系,通过现场足尺的载荷板持载试验,选择适当的允许变形控制指标来确定地基承载力。通过双曲线拟合进一步得到了既有建筑地基承载力与时间的变化规律,提出了不同允许变形控制指标下的地基承载力提高的极限值。     

超深开挖对抗拔桩承载力影响的离心机试验研究

深基坑开挖会改变桩周土的应力状态,影响抗拔桩的承载力。通过离心机模型试验,研究了超深开挖对抗拔桩承载力的影响。采用考虑基底土超固结效应影响的有限元数值模拟分析方法,对离心机试验进行了计算分析,研究超深开挖对抗拔桩承载力影响的内在机理。研究结果表明：坑内土体卸荷,桩侧土体有效应力降低,抗拔桩承载力下降;受基底土超固结效应的影响,桩侧土静止土压力系数要大于正常固结状态,桩侧极限摩阻力与抗拔桩承载力大于正常固结状态;不考虑基坑开挖对桩周土应力水平的影响,以覆土条件下的承载力做为设计取值,偏于不安全;考虑基坑开挖对桩周土应力水平的影响,但不考虑基底土的超固结特性,抗拔桩承载力的取值偏于保守。     

层状地基中PHC管桩的静压残余应力试验研究

静压桩贯入过程中,因桩顶卸荷残留于桩身的应力较为显著。通过成层土地基中5根桩身预埋准分布式FBG光纤传感器的静压桩足尺试验,对开口PHC管桩沉桩过程中施工残余应力性状、沉桩结束17 d内桩身残余应力的发展变化情况及其对后续静载荷试验影响进行了阐述。试验表明,开口PHC管桩桩身残余应力及桩侧平均残余摩阻力随贯入深度呈折线型分布,中性面深度与贯入桩长比值介于0.66～0.92之间,其大小与桩端持力层密实度及桩端残余应力呈正相关关系。土塞效应成为制约开口PHC管桩桩端残余应力不同于其他桩型的主要因素之一;休止期内桩身残余应力逐渐趋于稳定,中性面处桩身残余应力降低幅度介于3.2%～29.88%之间,桩端残余应力降低幅度介于10.78%～32.39%之间;静载荷试验过程中不考虑施工残余应力将高估中性面以上桩侧摩阻力约53.46%,低估中性面以下桩侧摩阻力及桩端阻力分别56.62%,10%。研究成果可为进一步研究开口PHC管桩施工残余应力性状提供依据。