Reliability Modeling for Ultrathin Gate Oxides Subject to Logistic Degradation Processes with Random Onset Time

With device dimension downscaling, the oxide thickness reduction less than 3 nm in a metal–oxide–semiconductor structure has led to important changes in degradation mechanisms and failure modes. After the first breakdown event of ultrathin gate oxides, the leakage current presents a less dramatic and noisy continuous breakdown mode called progressive breakdown. In this article, we characterize the overall breakdown process of ultrathin gate oxides as a randomized logistic degradation process with a random onset time. The explicit result of the lifetime distribution is derived on the basis of this logistic degradation model. A numerical example is provided to calculate the lifetime distribution. The simulated lifetime data of our model fits lognormal distribution better than the Weibull distribution, which agrees with the experimental work in literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermally Stable Metal‐Organic Framework‐Templated Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Metal Sulfides: Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Porous nanostructured materials are demonstrated to be very promising in catalysis due to their well accessible active sites. Thermally stable metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as hard templates are successfully utilized to afford porous metal oxides and subsequently metal sulfides by a nanocasting method. The resultant metal oxides/sulfides show considerable Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas, by partially inheriting the pore character of MOF templates. Preliminary investigation on the obtained hierarchically porous CdS for water splitting, as a proof of concept, demonstrates its much higher activity than both corresponding bulk and nanosized counterparts, under visible light irradiation. Given the structural diversity and tailorability of MOFs, such synthetic approach may open an avenue to the synthesis of advanced porous materials for functional applications.     

Study of Nanodispersed Iron Oxides Produced in Steel Drilling by Contracted Electric-Arc Air Plasma Torch

The optimal conditions on the plasma-forming gas flowrate, discharge current and voltage, distance between the plasma-torch nozzle and the metal plate surface for the process of penetration in and vaporization of steel plates by the contracted electric-arc air plasma torch accompanied by water quenching, were determined. The X-ray structural and phase studies as well as Mossbauer and electron microscope studies on the samples treated were performed. It was demonstrated that the vaporized elemental iron was oxidized by the oxygen present in the air plasma jet to form iron oxides （wiistite, magnetite, hematite）, which, depending on their mass ra- tios, determined the color of the iron oxide pigments, namely, beginning from light yellow, through deep yellow, light brown, deep brown, violet, red-violet, to black. A high degree of dispersity of the iron oxides is thus produced, with an averaged diameter of the particles below 500 nm, and their defective crystal structure form the basis of their potential application as components of iron-containing catalysts and pigments.     

金属氧化物和分子筛在CO2环加成中的研究进展

二氧化碳（CO2）是主要的温室气体,同时也是一种廉价、无毒且可再生的一碳资源,因此将CO2转化为有价值的精细化学品可有效减缓气候变化、助力实现碳中和。CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应具有高原子经济、高选择性、低污染等优点,其产物环状碳酸酯可作为锂离子电池电解质、聚合物材料前体以及精细化学品中间体,应用前景广阔。氧化物因具有结构多样、可调性强等优点在CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应中的应用引起了广泛的关注。文章综述了两种典型且成本低廉、易于规模化生产的氧化物——金属氧化物与分子筛催化CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应的研究进展,重点分析了反应机理以及催化剂的应用。今后的研究重点是高性能无助剂的非均相催化剂的开发以及催化机理的探究。     

电化学电容器及其研究进展

电化学电容器是近年发展的一种新型能量储存装置,本文介绍电化学电容器储存电能的原理、特点及应用,并简要评述了以碳材料、贵金属氧化物及导电聚合物做为电化学电容器电极材料的研究进展.     

栅氧化层TDDB可靠性评价试验及模型参数提取

采用恒定电压和恒定电流试验方法对20nm栅氧化层进行了TDDB可靠性评价试验，并完成了1／E模型参数提取，给出了恒定电流应力下描述氧化层TDDB退化的统计模型，较好地解释了试验结果。     

船用中速柴油机NOx排放特性试验分析及实船测试探讨

对一台船用中速柴油机进行了NOx台架试验,得出并分析了其试验区域内的NOx排放特性。试验结果表明：柴油机作为船舶主机,在其可能持续运行区域内,按某推进特性运行时NOx受转速影响变化较小,按不同的推进特性运行时NOx变化较大。根据柴油机NOx特性,并结合试航特点,建议在船舶试航时对主机进行NOx实船测试,并以试航工况曲线为基础建立相应的试验循环工况标准。     

From Passive Inorganic Oxides to Active Matters of Micro/Nanomotors

Controllable actuation and coordinating motion of artificial self‐propelled micro/nanomotors to mimic the motile natural microorganism systems are of great significance for constructing intelligent nanoscale machines. In particular, inorganic oxide particles have shown considerable promise in implementation of synthetic micro/nanomotors, due to their unique features and active response to environmental stimuli. This work critically reviews the recent progress in inorganic oxide‐based micro/nanomotors and focuses on their propulsion response to chemical and physical stimuli, especially emphasizing and discussing operating principles in the single engine, adaptive navigation under composite‐driven powers, and intriguing collective behaviors. The impact of oxide structure, multiple fields in motion controllability, and interaction between grouped micro/nanomotors are explored. Practical applications of individual and assembled micro/nanomotors in environmental and biomedical fields are demonstrated, including the removal of pollutants, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and in vivo imaging. Finally, current challenges for the development of novel micro/nanomotors and possible constraints toward the defined structure and accumulated toxicity are discussed along with future opportunities and directions. Owing to their facile synthesis, impressive physicochemical performances, high biocompatibility, and versatile actuations, it is expected that the association of inorganic oxides with micro/nanomotors will bring new and unique capabilities to the field of active matter.     

Interfacial Oxides Evolution of High-Speed Steel Joints by Hot-Compression Bonding

The interfacial oxidation behavior of Cr4 Mo4 V high-speed steel(HSS) joints undergoing hot-compression bonding was investigated by using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).In the heating and holding processes,dispersed rod-like and granular δ-Al₂ O₃ oxides were formed at the interface and in the matrix near the interface due to the selective oxidation and internal oxidation of Al,while irregular Si-Al-O compou...     

薄栅介质陷阱密度的求解和相关参数的提取

采用恒定电流应力对薄栅氧化层MOS电容进行了TDDB评价实验,提出了精确测量和表征陷阱密度及累积失效率的方法.该方法根据电荷陷落的动态平衡方程,测量恒流应力下MOS电容的栅电压变化曲线和应力前后的高频C-V曲线变化求解陷阱密度.从实验中可以直接提取表征陷阱的动态参数.在此基础上,可以对器件的累积失效率进行精确的评估.