东江源区基于供给成本的生态补偿标准研究

探讨东江源区基于供给成本核定的生态补偿依据与核算方法,分别采用静态核算法和机会成本法对2006—2009年东江源区3县的生态保护与建设的直接成本和限制发展工业损失的机会成本进行量化核算,得出生态建设和保护的供给总成本的补偿标准为814123.65万元,为东江源区生态补偿机制建立及实施提供依据。     

A review of the methodology and applications of anthropometry in ergonomics and product design

Abstract

Anthropometry is a key element of ergonomic studies for addressing the problem of fitting the tasks/products to user characteristics, but there is a gap between anthropometric data and their application for designing ergonomic products and environments. This research was conducted to review the literature on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products and environments, and to identify where further research is needed to improve its application and evaluation protocols. One hundred and sixteen papers meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Although a number of anthropometric investigations have been conducted to improve the design of products/environments for different users, further research seems to be necessary, particularly for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities. Different anthropometric measurement methods/techniques and fitting criteria are discussed regarding their applicability for various design applications. This review also highlights methodological issues (sampling considerations and prototype evaluation and testing) that should be considered in future research to ensure a user-centred approach of the design process.

Practitioner Summary: A literature review was conducted on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products/environments. This review emphasises the need for anthropometric research to design for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities, and methodological issues that should be considered in future research.

Abbreviations: 1D: one-dimensional; 2D: two-dimensional; 3D: three-dimensional; HF/E: Human Factors/Ergonomics; PCA: Principal Components Analysis; CA: Cluster Analysis; DHM: Digital Human Modelling     

基于EL模型的Boost型DC/DC变换器无源控制器

根据boost型DC/DC变换器的EL(EL,Euler-Lagrange)模型和无源控制理论,设计了无源控制器。由于无源控制理论是基于能量控制,属系统的本质控制,则无源控制器具有简单、鲁棒性好及工程易于实现的特点。计算机仿真结果表明boost型DC/DC变换器无源控制器是可行的。     

旅游资源两分法分类依据探讨

旅游资源两分法分类依据众说不一,为初学者带来了困惑。作者通过对现有旅游资源分类理论、实践成果的观察和分析,试图明确旅游资源两分法的分类依据,并对其进行了更深层次的辨析。     

Operability analysis of nonlinear processes based on incremental dissipativity

Process operability can be defined as the ability of a process to reject disturbances at a specified operating point and/or to move quickly and smoothly from one operating point to another operating point using a feedback control system. Unlike linear processes, the properties of nonlinear processes (e.g., stability, minimum phase condition, etc.) are different around different equilibria. Most existing operability analysis for nonlinear systems focuses on one particular operating point of interest. This paper addresses the issues of dynamic process operability at various operating points, including the reachability of all equilibrium points or output trajectories in an operating region, regardless of initial conditions. In this work, a nonlinear analysis approach is developed based on the concept of incremental stability. Conditions for incremental stability are derived based on incremental dissipativity. The links between input and output multiplicities and incremental dissipativity are explored. The dynamic control performance achievable in terms of the speed of the response of the closed-loop system and offset minimization is studied. A method for determination of incremental dissipativity using Linear Differential Inclusion (LDI) is also presented, to facilitate the dissipativity based operability analysis.     

财政平台一体化应用系统性能测试

性能测试是通过模拟真实环境下的负载,采集系统各方面的性能指标,评估系统正常运行情况下的承受力和稳定性,分析系统的性能与存在的瓶颈。应用LoadRunner测试工具,从性能指标和性能测试方法两方面,深入地分析了性能测试过程和方法。根据县级财政平台一体化应用系统特点,设计模拟运行真实的业务场景,采用压力测试和负载测试获取性能指标,运用网页元素细分和关联度等进行详细分析性能瓶颈,并提出改善方法。     

基于动态LOD 四叉树算法的虚拟地形可视化

在前人的基础上,改进了基于四叉树的LOD模型,通过建立节点判断准则来决定当前视区的细节程度.同时也提出了一种新的裂缝消除方法,即当视点到节点中心距离较远时看到的细节较少,裂缝消除可通过缩减边的方式实现;而当距离较近时需要观察到的细节较多,通过剖分方式实现可使细节变得更丰富,这样就可以在增强简化效果的同时提高实时渲染的速度.     

一种优化的AP-CAPSA中文文本结构分析算法*

从段落向量空间模型、特征词权重等多个侧面分析比较了已有的文本结构分析算法,提出了优化的AP-CAPSA算法;给出了算法性能的评价准则,并在不同的语料集合上进行了测试。实验表明该方法能够更有效地反映文本的结构,为中文自动摘要系统奠定了重要的理论基础。     

加速寿命试验方法及评估

加速寿命试验是为缩短试验时间,在不改变故障模式和故障机理的条件下,用加大应力的方法进行的试验。随着元器件水平的迅速提高,高可靠、长寿命的产品越来越多,在正常应力水平下进行寿命试验来评定产品的可靠性已不能满足实际需要,代价很高,不现实,目前广泛采用了加速寿命试验。本文介绍了加速寿命试验方法及评估,并给出了案例。     

Nonlocalized fatigue damage of metals and alloys. Part 3. Strain and energy criteria

The paper considers methods of accelerated determination of endurance limits of metals and alloys based on the analysis of regularities in their inelastic deformation, strain and energy criteria of fatigue fracture, and methods for life prediction with the use of those criteria. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 5–31, January–February, 2006.