Seepage-stress coupling constitutive model of anisotropic soft rock

To provide a seepage-stress coupling constitutive model that can directly describe the seepage-stress coupling relationship, a series of one-dimensional seepage-stress coupling tests on two kinds of soft rock (argillaceous siltstone and brown mudstone) were performed by using an MTS-815.02 tri-axial rock mechanics test system, with which the stress—strain curves according to the seepage variation were obtained. Based on the experimental results and by employing Hooke’s law, the formulation of the coefficient of strain-dependent permeability was presented and introduced to establish a coupling model. In addition, the mathematical expression and the incremental formulation for coupling model were advanced, in which five parameters that can be respectively determined by using the experimental results were included. The calculated results show that the proposed coupling model is capable of simulating the stress—strain relationship with considering the seepage-stress coupling in the nonlinear elastic stage of two kinds of soft rock. Foundation item: Projects(50378069, 50639090) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(50639090) supported by the Joint Fund of Yalong River Hydropower Development, China     

Pt/Nafion改性膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用

为了降低由于甲醇渗透导致的电池性能损失,合成了具有阻醇作用的Pt纳米颗粒,并将其用于对Nafion膜的改性.实验结果表明:同原来的Nafion膜相比,Pt/Nafion改性膜具有更低的甲醇渗透率,在高温及高浓度甲醇的测试条件下,表现出更优异的电池性能.     

多孔泡沫金属及其磁导率的研究

研究了多孔泡沫金属的磁导率,建立了电沉积金属磁导率的计算模型。利用石蜡熔融的方法,得到了电沉积所得的多孔泡沫金属的孔隙率;利用振动样品磁强计对结构参数相同、磁导率不同的三种多孔泡沫金属进行了测试,得到了多孔泡沫金属及电沉积金属的相对磁导率,根据等效磁阻的原理,对电沉积金属相对磁导率进行了仿真计算,计算结果与实验相近;结果表明,建立的模型可以用来计算电沉积金属的相对磁导率;多孔泡沫金属的磁导率随着电沉积金属磁导率的增加而增加,随着孔隙率的增加而减小,为研究多孔泡沫金属的磁性能提供了理论和实验依据。     

启动压力影响低渗透油田产量递减规律机理研究

中高渗透油藏分析方法是否仍适合低渗透油藏尚需验证。针对此问题,在低速非达西渗流理论的基础上,研究低渗透油藏的产量规律,并给出相应的油田产量递减率与产量、生产时间的算式,以及低渗透油田产量递减率通式。     

煤层气压裂技术研究

煤层气与常规天然气有较大差异,采用压裂施工可达到煤层气开发的理想效果。根据煤层气的特性,在施工中应注意压裂液、煤粉、压实性等因素所造成的伤害。     

强水敏砂岩油藏水驱油相对渗透率曲线异常分析

以强水敏砂岩油藏实际岩样为例,通过水驱油渗流实验和渗流物理分析,探讨强水敏砂岩油藏水驱油过程相对渗透率曲线异常现象及其对油藏开发的影响。     

低渗透砂岩石油渗流的微观模拟实验研究

采用天然低渗透砂岩微观模型,通过与实际地质状况较为相似条件下的油驱水实验,模拟石油在低渗透砂岩孔隙内的渗流,分析和探讨了低渗透砂岩孔隙介质中石油的微观渗流机理.研究结果表明,石油在低渗透砂岩中渗流路径曲折复杂,运移渗流模式有稳定式、指进式和优势式3种;石油在低渗透砂岩中渗流存在启动压力梯度,启动压力梯度与砂岩孔隙度关系复杂,而与砂岩渗透率有很好的相关性;石油的渗流速度与驱替压力呈很好的相关性,石油以相同速度在不同渗透率级别的砂岩内渗流时所需要的驱替压力随砂岩渗透率的增大而降低.     

利用废旧胶粉改善红黏土工程性质试验研究

随着废旧轮胎的日益剧增,回收利用率较低带来了严重的环保问题。利用废旧轮胎胶粉对红黏土进行改良,形成混合土。通过标准轻型击实试验、等效击实试验、直剪试验以及渗透试验,研究了不同胶粉掺量(0%,3%,8%,15%,25%)和不同含水量对混合土的击实特性、抗剪强度特性以及渗透性的影响。研究结果表明:①混合土的最大干密度比原状红黏土低,且胶粉的掺量越大,最大干密度越小;②胶粉掺量增大,标准击实试验的最优含水率增大,等效击实试验的最优含水率有减小趋势;③胶粉掺量不超过15%时,随着胶粉掺量增大,混合土的抗剪强度增大,内摩擦角增大,且出现应变硬化现象:④标准击实下,胶粉掺量为8%时,混合土的渗透速率变化不明显;但胶粉掺量增加到15%时,混合土的渗透速率显著提高,提升幅度达到97.3%。研究成果可为贵州地区今后废旧胶粉的循环利用和胶粉改良红黏土的工程运用提供参考。     

Progress on the hydraulic measures for grid slotting and fracking to enhance coal seam permeability

A method of hydraulic grid slotting and hydraulic fracturing was proposed to enhance the permeability of low permeability coal seam in China. Micro-structural development and strength characteristics of coal were analysed to set up the failure criterion of coal containing water and gas, which could describe the destruction rule of coal containing gas under the hydraulic measures more accurately. Based on the theory of transient flow and fluid grid, the numerical calculation model of turbulence formed by high pressure oscillating water jet was used. With the high speed photography test, dynamic evolution and pulsation characteristics of water jet water analysed which laid a foundation for mechanism analysis of rock damage under water jet. Wave equation of oscillating water jet slotting was established and the mechanism of coal damage by the impact stress wave under oscillation jet was revealed. These provide a new method to study the mechanism of porosity and crack damage under high pressure jet.Fracture criterion by jet slotting was established and mechanism of crack development controlled by crack zone between slots was found. The fractures were induced to extend along pre-set direction,instead of being controlled by original stress field. The model of gas migration through coal seams after the hydraulic measures for grid slotting and fracking was established. The key technology and equipment for grid slotting and fracking with high-pressure oscillating jet were developed and applied to coal mines in Chongqing and Henan in China. The results show that the gas permeability of coal seam is enhanced by three orders of magnitude, efficiency of roadway excavation and mining is improved by more than 57%and the cost of gas control is reduced by 50%.     

一种估算储气库含气饱和度的方法

针对B储气库运行10年尚未达到设计能力的事实,设计室内实验获得气水两相相对渗透率曲线,应用产量不稳定分析方法获得井控储层参数,计算井控储层气水两相的相对渗透率,用图解法计算井控储层的平均含气饱和度。分析采气井生产动态,发现水气比和含气饱和度在全库中的变化趋势具有一致性,从而验证了平均含气饱和度计算方法的可靠性。