三维声纳频域波束形成算法的优化及实现

为了对三维声纳频域波束形成算法进行优化,提出了一种算法的优化方法。利用声纳回波信号的位移矢量分解与合成原理,推导出波束强度与相应方向角的数学关系式,进而使算法得到优化,并对优化的波束形成算法进行了仿真。同时,给出了实现此算法的两种数据通路,并对其内存需求量和计算量进行了分析。最终在XilinxISE环境下,在现场实现可编程门阵列(FPGA)上对该两种数据通路进行了仿真,并列出了相应的资源利用情况。优化后的算法不仅可以得到与传统算法相同的波束强度矩阵结果,而且减少了存储相移参数所需的内存空间。     

Controlled growth and photoluminescence of highly oriented arrays of ZnO nanocones with different diameters

Large-scale oriented ZnO nanocone arrays were directly grown on zinc substrate through a hydro-thermal reaction of Zn foil with aqueous butylamine solution(3 mol/L) at 100—180 ℃ for 12 h.The syn-thesized products were characterized with X-ray diffraction,Raman spectrum,scanning electron mi-croscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that the ZnO nanocones were single crystalline with the wurtzite structure and grown along the [0001] direction.The diameter of nanocones is decreased with ...     

三相光伏逆变器并网时故障状态仿真分析

当光伏发电系统在并网点处发生故障时,会对光伏微网内部的电能质量包括电流、电压和相位产生严重的影响,采取合适的控制策略使光伏逆变器恢复并网点电能质量是目前的研究热点和难点之一.在Matlab/Simulinkh建立光伏发电系统并网运行时故障仿真模型,对单相接地故障、两相接地故障、断路器单相重合闸故障以及三相重合闸故障进行仿真.以分布式光伏并网逆变器电路的拓扑结构为基础,三相光伏逆变器利用软件锁相环技术为坐标系变换提供相位支撑,PQ控制策略采用功率和电流的双闭环控制.当故障排除后,通过三相光伏逆变器的调节控制作用,使得光伏微网内部的电能质量能在很短的时间内恢复到正常值,锁相准确,谐波小,对稳定电能质量具有良好效果.     

Sintering-driven effects on the band gap of (Pb,La)(Ti,Ni)O3 photovoltaic ceramics

In this work, the influence of the sintering temperature on the physical properties of (Pb_0.8La_0.2)(Ti_0.9Ni_0.1)O₃ (PLT-Ni) ceramics is reported. The experimental data revealed that the energy band gap of PLT-Ni ceramics could be tailored from approximately 2.7 to 2.0 eV by changing the sintering temperature from 1100°C to 1250°C. It is demonstrated that the simple substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Ni²⁺ cations is effective to decrease the intrinsic band gap while increasing the tetragonality factor and the spontaneous polarization. However, the additional red-shift observed in the absorption edge of the PLT-Ni with increasing the sintering temperature was associated with a continuous increase in the oxygen vacancies () amount. It is believed that the impact of the creation of these thermally induced is manifold. The presence of and Ni²⁺ ions generate the Ni²⁺- defect-pairs that promoted both a decrease in the intrinsic band gap and an additional increase of the tetragonality factor, consequently, increasing the spontaneous polarization. The creation of Ni²⁺- defects also changed the local symmetry of Ni²⁺ ions from octahedral to a square pyramid, thus lifting the degeneracy of the Ni²⁺ 3d orbitals. With the increase in the sintering temperature, lower-energy absorbing intraband states were also formed due to an excess of , being responsible for an add-on shoulder in the absorption edge, extending the light absorption curve to longer wavelengths and leading to an additional absorption in “all investigated” spectrum as well.     

零能耗小屋能源管理与智能监控系统的设计与实现

针对2013中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛比赛规则及零能耗建筑的特点,结合比赛地点山西大同的气候数据,给出了厦门大学参赛作品,零能耗小屋Sunny Inside的能源管理与智能监控系统设计方案.以光伏建筑一体化理论为基础,设计15.25kW光伏并网发电系统,并用相关软件对能耗平衡进行了模拟验证.以三菱PLC为核心,构建了能源管理与智能监控系统,分析了不同条件下空调、相变及遮阳系统的控制策略,并给出具体实现方法.     

漂浮式光伏电站漂浮方阵多点系泊特性研究

位置的稳定性对光伏电站的发电效率和生产安全有着重要影响。漂浮式光伏电站漂浮方阵在风、浪、流的作用下易发生移动和旋转,而采用多点系泊系统可有效限制漂浮式光伏电站的过大偏移。以尺寸为170 m×170 m的漂浮方阵为对象,采用静力分析的方法对该方阵在多点系泊系统中的锚泊线张力及方阵偏移量进行了系列研究,得出了张力及偏移量与水平跨距、系泊密度间的规律。相关成果可为漂浮方阵多点系泊系统的设计提供参考。     

Interface trap effect on the transient characteristics of a photovoltaic InSb infrared detector

The transient characteristics can be significantly affected by the interface trap. In order to reveal the intrinsic mechanism and provide some references for the design of detectors, the interface trap effect on the transient characteristics of a back-illuminated photovoltaic InSb infrared detector is studied with two-dimensional simulations. The relationships between interface traps and some key physical parameters, such as the hole concentration, the recombination rate and the electric field, are analyzed to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of the influence of the interface traps on the transient characteristics. Studies show that with the increase of the interface trap density, the recombination rate and the electric field near the interface increase, the hole concentration decreases, and the “black holes” in current density distribution appear and move forward to the pn junction. And the transient photoresponse decreases with the increase of the interface trap density.     

光伏并网逆变器LCL滤波器参数优化设计

针对光伏并网逆变器LCL滤波器的大纹波电流和高频谐波损耗问题,分析了电感之和、电感比值和滤波电容值、谐振频率以及入网电流之间的关系,提出了一种LCL滤波器参数最优设计方法.分析了LCL滤波器的传递特性并建立了谐波等效模型,研究了滤波参数对谐振频率以及并网电流的影响,根据LCL滤波器的设计约束条件和光伏并网逆变器实例设计了一组最优参数,并进行了仿真研究.结果表明,提出的优化方案不仅能够有效抑制开关频率的高频纹波,还能减小电感取值和阻尼损耗.     

基于典型故障类型的分布式光伏并网对电压稳定性的影响

为了准确分析分布式光伏并网对电压稳定的影响,针对光伏阵列,给出了一种基于实时数字仿真仪(RealTime Digital Simulator,RTDS)软件平台的光伏并网建模方法.介绍了光伏发电的原理,对分布式光伏并网系统接入电网的方法进行了详细分析和研究.然后,基于光照强度和环境温度在RTDS软件平台上搭建了一个光伏发电并网模型,对光伏并网系统进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,不同的系统故障状态下,光伏并网对公网侧和并网侧电压稳定性的影响不同.     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的最大功率点跟踪研究

通过分析太阳能光伏发电系统的工作特征和现有的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法,提出了一种基于遗传模拟退火算法的光伏发电系统MPPT方法.该算法将遗传算法和模拟退火算法相结合,通过将局部搜索过程引入遗传算法,从而使两种算法的搜索能力得到互相补充.针对某光伏发电系统的MPPT问题,通过仿真,将遗传模拟退火算法和遗传算法进行比较.仿真结果显示,遗传模拟退火算法和传统的遗传算法相比,能更快速、精确地跟踪到光伏系统的最大功率点.