The significance of defect chemistry for the rate of gas–solid reactions: three examples

Three examples are revisited in which the reaction rate could be reliably correlated with point defect chemistry highlighting the role of point defects as acid–base active centers. In the case of dehydrohalogenation of tertiary butyl chloride, AgCl becomes increasingly active as heterogeneous catalyst, if AgCl is homogeneously or heterogeneously doped. By such a procedure the silver vacancy concentration is adequately increased. The oxygen incorporation into SrTiO₃ offers an example in which the surface mechanism in terms of adsorbed species, oxygen vacancies and electronic centers has been elucidated. Appropriate surface coatings give rise to significant catalytic effects. Increasing iron (acceptor) doping not only changes the point defect chemistry but also the nature of the rate determining step. Lastly, the electrocatalytic function of Sr-doped LaMnO₃ is considered as regards oxygen reduction reaction and O²⁻ incorporation into Y-doped ZrO₂ in the context of solid oxide fuel cells. Again the defect chemistry is of prime importance for the reaction rate.     

Thermal and flow properties of oils from salmon heads

Thermal and flow properties of unrefined oils from the heads of red or pink salmon were evaluated. Major thermal degradation of the salmon oils occurred between 200 and 450°C. Red and pink salmon oils were completely decomposed at 533 and 668°C, respectively. The phase transition of salmon oils occurred over a wide range of temperatures. The melting points of −69.6 to −0.36°C and −64.7 to 20.8°C were observed for red and pink salmon oils, respectively. The enthalpy was 40 j/g for red salmon oil and 39 j/g for pink salmon oil. Specific heat capacity ranges of 0.8 to 1.6 and 1.3 to 2.3 j/g/°C were observed for red and pink salmon oils, respectively. Both salmon oils exhibited Newtonian flow behavior. Red salmon oil required higher magnitudes of energy (kj·mol⁻¹) to flow than pink salmon oil. The viscosity of salmon oils was temperature-dependent and could be predicted by the Arrhenius equation.     

Rheological,mechanical, and morphological studies of epoxy/poly(methyl methacrylate) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks

Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) of epoxy resin and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were synthesized. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized by free radical mechanism with azo‐bis‐isobutyronitrile in the presence of oligomeric epoxy resin (DGEBA), and hexahydrophthalic anhydride as crosslinking agent. The gelation and vitrification transitions during cure/polymerization processes have been examined using parallel‐plates rheological technique. From differential scanning calorimetry and rheological techniques, it was suggested that both curing and polymerization processes occur simultaneously. However, the gelation time was longer for the semi‐IPN than those observed for the cure of pure DGEBA or polymerization of MMA. The gelation time increased significantly when 5% of MMA was employed, suggesting a diluent effect of the monomer. Higher amount of MMA resulted in a decrease of gel time, probably because of the simultaneous polymerization of MMA during the curing process. Structural examination of the semi‐IPNs, using scanning electron microscopy, revealed phase separation in nanoscale size for semi‐IPNs containing PMMA at concentrations up to 15%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

多目标投资组合模型的理想点解法

对多目标证券组合投资模型进行了研究,该模型用于解决多目标线性优化问题,模型以绝对偏差和代替方差、以换手率刻画流动性。研究考虑到了投资者的效用函数,采用理想点法对模型进行了求解,便于实际操作;通过实例分析了该模型的应用价值。     

免棱镜全站仪在已有建筑测绘中的应用方法

结合实际测绘情况,介绍了利用免棱镜全站仪的数据采集功能进行外业接坐标、现场人工绘草图、内业数据处理后在AutoCAD中展点成图,在此基础上结合钢尺测量数据,绘制平、立面图的方法,并对该测量方法的实施步骤和关键技术作了较为详细的介绍。     

视觉导航机器人三维场景重建研究

针对自主导航机器人在室外中的立体视觉,应用了一种基于置信点扩展的三维重建的方法。该方法改进了归一化交叉相关算法,由视差空间图寻找视差空间中的置信点并进行表面跟踪,并用计算亚象素视差和中值滤波的办法得到视差图,最后使用滚球算法对从视差图中得到的点云数据进行三角化从而进行地形重建。实验结果表明,所使用匹配方法优于单一的归一化交叉相关方法,有着较强的鲁棒性,重建的地形效果较为理想。     

非负线性最小二乘问题的一种严格可行内点算法

给出了非负线性最小二乘问题的一个新算法。首先,把非负线性最小二乘转化为线性互补问题,结合牛顿方向和中心路径方向,通过求解一个线性方程组得到搜索方向;进而获得了求解非负线性最小二乘问题的一种严格可行内点算法,并证明该算法经过多项式次迭代之后收敛到原问题的一个最优解,数值实验表明此方法是有效的。     

单峰函数最值定理的推广

单峰函数最值定理广泛应用于最值问题中,但它要求驻点惟一．本文讨论了多驻点情形下的最值问题,给出2个主要结论：（1）若可导函数f在某一区间内的所有驻点组成的集合是孤立点集,且函数f的极大点个数与极小点个数不相等时,则函数f在该区间上存在最值．（2）若可导函数f在某一区间内存在最小驻点和最大驻点,且这两个驻点均为极大（小）点时,则函数f在该区间上存在最大（小）值．     

一类非线性四阶常微分方程边值问题正解的存在性

用一种较简单的方法建立了非线性四阶常微分方程边值问题{u（4）（t）=f（t,u9t）,u″（t）0,t∈（0,1） u（0）=u（1）=u″（0）=u″（1）,正解的存在性结果,对非线性项f只要求其满足一个局部条件．     

国际油价预测之新思想——分时间段类型研究

站在全新的角度——在不同类型的时段分别研究油价预测模型的优劣.通过小波变换对油价序列进行奇异性分析,将油价序列所处的时间段分为两类：含奇异点时段,不含奇异点时段.并在不同类型的时段分类比较多元回归模型、延迟因变量回归模型、神经网络模型的拟合预测效果,最终得出无论何时进行油价预测,在上述模型中效果最为理想的是神经网络模型.