回转窑轴线测量技术研究及改进

分析介绍了目前回转窑轴线测量的几种主要方法（其中包括筒体位置测定系统、零位移方向键相测量法等）的原理及其这些测量系统的优缺点。针对这些间接测量方法中轮带直径的测量问题，提出了一种新的能同时测量回转窑筒体的轮带直径和回转中心位置的三点测量法。此方法不仅可以得到筒体的轴线情况，还能得到轮带的变形情况，这是目前各种动态测量方法中所不能做到的。     

Co2+,Zn2+双掺杂铌酸锂晶体的坩埚下降法生长及其光谱特性

在LiNbO3中掺入0．1％（摩尔分数．下同）的CoO与3％,6％的ZnO,采用坩埚下降法技术生长了双掺杂的Co^2＋：Zn^2＋：LiNbO3晶体。用X射线衍射与差热分析表征了获得的晶体。测定了晶体不同部位在350～2500nm波段的吸收光谱。研究表明：Co离子位于LiNbO3晶体的崎变的氧八面体中,呈现＋2价,沿着生长方向Co^2＋在晶体中的浓度逐渐减少。ZnO的掺杂有效地抑制了Co^2＋离子在晶体中的掺入,使得Co^2＋在晶体中浓度的分布变得均匀。同时发现：ZnO的掺入使得上部晶体的熔点升高。从化学组分的角度解释了产生熔点变化的原因。观测到了750nm波长的荧光发射带。[编者按]     

Deterioration of diacylglycerol‐ and triacylglycerol‐rich oils during frying of potatoes

The stabilities of a commercial diacylglycerol‐rich oil (DAG) and a salad oil (TAG) that had been prepared from a mixture of rapeseed and soybean oils were compared while frying potatoes at 180 °C for 3 h. The representative chemical and physical characteristics of the oils were assessed before and after frying, together with the amount of volatile aldehydes in the exhaust of frying. Among the deterioration indications, the carbonyl value, polymer content, and residual polyunsaturated fatty acid content were similar and not significantly different between the TAG and DAG. On the other hand, the characteristics relating to free fatty acids, i.e. the acid value and emission of chemiluminescence at 100 °C, were greater and the smoke and flash points were lower in the DAG than in the TAG. An irritating odor was generated from the DAG after 1 h of frying and got stronger as frying continued. These results suggested that DAG more easily forms free fatty acids under frying conditions than TAG.     

Phase behaviors of polymer blend(PEO–PPO) electrolyte/LiCF3SO3 systems in lithium battery

Polymer blend (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)) systems with two different mole ratios, complexed with LiCF₃SO₃ salt, have been characterized at various temperatures and compositions using a thermo‐optical analysis (TOA) technique. We also developed a new melting point depression theory based on the modified perturbed hard sphere chain model to interpret phase behavior of polymer blend electrolyte systems. The obtained results show that the eutectic points move toward higher T_m and lower weight fraction of salt with decreasing PEO mole ratio and also indicate that the mole ratio of PEO–PPO for each polymer blend plays an important role in determining the eutectic point of the polymer blend system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2314–2319, 2005     

大型化工项目中心化验室的建设探究

结合新疆某公司68万t/a煤制烯烃项目中心化验室项目建设实例,并通过调研类似生产企业甲、乙两个化验室的建设及运行情况,从中心化验室建筑规模、整体规划、功能布局、仪器与设备选购等方面阐述了大型化工项目中心化验室的建设理念与设计要点。     

不同纤维增韧矿渣/粉煤灰基地质聚合物

采用短切玄武岩纤维、聚丙烯纤维、蛋白纤维(头发)和陶瓷纤维增韧碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰基地质聚合物.三点弯曲实验和力学性能结果表明玄武岩纤维的增韧效果最佳,可将其弹性模量降低39.9％;压汞仪(MIP)和扫描电镜(SEM)测试结果表明玄武岩纤维的掺入可显著改变其微观结构,孔径小于20 nm的无害孔体积含量增加,孔径大于3μm的机械孔体积含量降低,提高其密实度.玄武岩纤维可与基体发生物理复合和化学交联,而陶瓷纤维可有效阻止裂纹的扩展,聚丙烯纤维较难与基体紧密结合,蛋白纤维易于发生溶蚀或滑落.     

SBS对沥青性能的影响

通过测试软化点、针入度和延度对SBS改性沥青的性能进行表征.结果表明:使用线型或星型SBS作为沥青改性剂可以显著提高沥青性能.当硫黄稳定剂质量分数为0.2％,SBS质量分数为4％时,改性沥青的软化点、针入度和延度趋于稳定.此外,相较于线型SBS改性,星型SBS改性沥青的软化点稍高,针入度和延度相对更小.     

Effect of Sodium Carbonate on the Cloud Point in Alkyl Ether/Brine Systems: Apparent Relation with Dynamic Interfacial Tension Minimum

The effect of Na₂CO₃ on the cloud point in Na₂CO₃/surfactant/brine was investigated using two series of nonionic surfactants, C₁₃EO _x and C₁₇EO _x . The cloud point, T _cp, was found to decrease linearly with increasing Na₂CO₃ concentration. This was attributed to Na⁺ and particularly to CO₃ ^2?salting-out effect. The slope a = dTcp/d[Na₂CO₃] became more and more negative as the degree of ethoxylation is increased, suggesting that the higher the number of ethylene oxide (EO) groups the stronger is the cloud point depression for a given increment in Na⁺and CO₃ ^2?ions in solution. This was also illustrated by the linear variation of ΔT _cp = T _cp,0 ? T _cp,[Na2CO3] with the surfactant degree of ethoxylation.     

欢喜岭含水稠油流变特性实验研究

因稠油乳状液在生产和运输过程中带来的各种经济损失,所以其被称为石油行业内最为棘手的问题之一。采用RV2旋转流变仪对不同含水率下欢喜岭稠油表观粘度和流变特性进行测定。研究发现,影响稠油乳状液流变特性的因素为:温度、剪切速率和含水率;50℃为稠油乳状液的牛顿流体转化温度点;含水40%时乳状液发生转相,由油包水型乳状液转变为水包油型乳状液。稠油流变性的研究和牛顿流体转化温度点、转相点的测定对稠油管道输送、设计和改造有着重要意义。     

基于Markov链的锅炉热负荷预测方法

基于Markov链的锅炉热负荷预测方法,提出多参数预测调控模型。根据室外温度,对日均供水温度进行Markov链预测,结合日均燃煤量、鼓风机频率、引风机频率等参数的状态空间,进行复合概率预测。具体应用时,将调控量的大概率最低值作为起点,根据监测量变化,优化调节。试验结果表明:在居民室温达标范围内,日均煤耗量较模型应用前降低约8%;日均供水温度降低约7%,燃煤投放准确率及调控精确率有效提升实现了锅炉热负荷的精细调控。