基于BPNN-PID的风电机组桨距控制分析

变桨控制技术是风力发电机组的核心技术之一,开展对风力发电机组变桨控制方面的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。根据风力发电机组在额定风速以上如何保持输出功率稳定和降低风轮转速波动的控制技术进行研究,在传统的变桨距控制策略基础上,提出了基于BP神经网络(Neural Network,NN)整定PID的控制策略,并在Matlab/simulink环境下对PID控制和BP神经网络控制相结合的复合控制系统进行建模与分析。对1.5MW风电机组的仿真验证了BPNN-PID算法的有效性,提出算法不仅能够解决传统PID控制器参数整定困难的问题,而且优化效率更高,可以得到优良的控制性能。     

Radiation-induced copolymerization of trioxane with tetrahydrofuran

Radiation-initiated copolymerization of solid trioxane (TOX) with tetrahydrofuran (THF) was investigated. The effects of radiation dose, THF concentration, and post-polymerization temperature and duration on copolymer yield and THF incorporation were studied. These results are compared with the results of TOX homopolymerization under identical conditions. Copolymer yield was lower than that of homopolymer. Only a fraction of charged THF entered into the polymer chain. THF content and radiation dose also altered the MW of the copolymer but it showed better thermal stability. The initial reaction rates of the copolymerization were determined and from these the activation energy was found to be 36.2 kcal mol^?1.     

丙烯酸型亲水涂料乳胶粒表面羧基分布的研究

研究了以苯乙烯为核,丙烯酸酯类为壳的核壳乳液,采用丙烯酸为功能性单体,成膜后羧基为极性基团分布在涂膜表面达到亲水目的。讨论了功能单体丙烯酸(AA)在乳胶粒表面的分布情况及其加量对涂膜亲水性的影响,通过电导滴定发现当AA的加入量为3%时,水相中游离的丙烯酸含量为5.57%,聚合物表面的羧基含量为36.11%,涂膜的亲水性达到最佳,水接触角为51.1°。本文还讨论了核壳法和核壳翻转法对乳胶粒表面羧基分布及涂膜亲水性能的影响,两者的电导滴定曲线形状一致,由两个当量点可以计算出水相中游离的丙烯酸含量为1.47%,而乳胶粒表面羧基分布的含量为43.59%,可见,用核壳翻转法合成的乳液,乳胶粒表面羧基分布含量比普通聚合方法合成的乳胶粒表面羧基分布含量高,涂膜亲水性进一步提高,水接触角降低为44.5°。     

影响氟改性硅丙乳液聚合及其聚合物膜表面特性的因素

采用种子乳液聚合方法制备了阴、阳离子型氟改性硅丙乳液,用红外光谱对聚合物进行了表征,考察了聚合温度、氟改性单体和种子乳液的用量、乳化剂用量和pH值等因素对转化率和聚合物膜与水之间接触角的影响。结果表明,该聚合物中含有聚硅氧烷链段和CF2基团;聚合温度对转化率的影响较显著;在阳离子乳化体系中,当聚硅氧烷种子乳液、含氟丙烯酸酯单体和乳化剂的用量分别为10%、10%和1.1%时,转化率可以达到90%左右,接触角达到104°以上;随着体系pH值的逐渐增大,阳离子型氟改性硅丙乳液的Zeta电位明显降低,但阴离子型乳液的Zeta电位变化较小。     

A comprehensive assessment of supported titania photocatalysts in a fluidized bed photoreactor: Photocatalytic activity and adherence stability

Titania (TiO₂) was immobilized onto hydroxylated glass beads (HGB) via the thermal bonding and sol–gel coating methods. The photocatalytic activity and adherence stability of the prepared supported photocatalysts were studied in a fluidized bed photoreactor. P25 thermally bonded HGB was found to be more active than sol–gel coated HGB prepared with the same immobilization conditions, while both of them exhibited poor adherence stability, i.e., large amounts of immobilized TiO₂ detached from HGB during the degradation. The adherence stability was improved with limited extents by increasing the calcination temperature or reducing the coverage of TiO₂ on HGB, but either of these approaches resulted in lower activity. The poor adherence stability was ascribed to the fluid shear force and particle friction in fluidized bed, as well as the insufficient bonding between TiO₂ and HGB in terms of the bonding mechanism.

Hydroxylated quartz sands (HQS) and silica gel beads (SGB) were further studied and used as supports. Results have shown that the adherence stability was significantly improved with SGB but only slightly improved with HQS. Characterizations results showed that a coarser surface and more surface Si–OH groups could improve the adherence stability of supported TiO₂ photocatalysts.     

水泥填料对心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响

以优选的心墙沥青混凝土配合比为基础,分别采用质量分数为12%的石灰石粉、6%水泥+6%石灰石粉、12%水泥作为填料配制沥青混凝土试件,研究水泥填料对采用天然砾石骨料的心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:采用12%石灰石粉为填料的沥青混凝土水稳定系数随浸水时间的延长而不断减小,且在浸水75 h后水稳定系数降至0.88,已不满足心墙沥青混凝土水稳定系数大于或等于0.90的要求;采用12%水泥、6%水泥+6%石灰石粉为填料的沥青混凝土水稳定系数随浸水时间的延长先增大后减小,且在浸水375 h后达到最大,分别为1.02和0.98,在浸水1 500 h后水稳定系数仍然能够满足规范要求;用水泥替代部分石灰石粉作填料也可有效改善心墙沥青混凝土的长期水稳定性。     

水工隧洞土洞段稳定性分析及支护效果研究

水工隧洞围岩的应力分布及变形特征对保证其长期稳定性具有关键的作用。该文以中部引黄施工支洞为例进行实态建模,通过利用有限差分程序FLAC3D进行分析计算。研究结果表明,未加强支护前,锁脚锚杆所受的压应力已超过锚杆的抗压强度,拱脚处应力集中现象明显;变形主要集中在拱顶、底板部位;加强支护后,钢拱架变形、钢拱架轴力和锚杆最大拉应力都得到减小。支护效果稳定且能够满足施工及后期运行要求。     

输出窗材料的研究进展

输出窗是高真空微波管中的关键构件,本文对目前应用的各种输出窗材料的性能、制备以及应用现状进行了评述。针对大功率毫米波微波管用输出窗材料的需求,提出了制备输出窗复相陶瓷以及创新制备方法等解决思路。     

组分对发射盐物相、浸渍温度和稳定性的研究

311、411、612、2.4：0．6：1是常用的阴极钪酸盐（Ba：Ca：Al2摩尔比，分别添加微量Sc2O3）配比。相同工艺条件，4种配比钪酸盐的衍射峰区别不大；相同温度条件，2．4：0．6：1的阴极钪酸盐对纯钨基的浸渍度最高，达到99．34％；同时24：0．6：1的阴极钪酸盐在空气中的稳定性也是最好的。     

基于火焰摄动谱分布的动态燃烧优化

提出基于火馅摄动谱分布特性与火馅微压振动信号的燃烧控制方法，通过分析三层小速分解后的信号平均幅值变化特点可以找到最优燃烧状态。