多目标柔性作业车间调度问题的混合差分算法

多目标柔性作业车间调度问题属于NP-hard问题。在对该问题进行分析的基础上,为之建立了数学模型,并改进了多目标函数,使其更符合实际需要。提出了一种求解该问题的混合差分演化算法,该算法针对差分演化算法易陷入局部最优现象,提出了算法早熟收敛判定方法,并且利用混沌搜索解决早熟收敛问题,突破了局部极值的限制以再次寻优计算。仿真结果表明,该算法效率高,寻优速度快,有效地解决了收敛性能和早熟之间的矛盾。     

A refined nonlinear vibration absorber

Presented here is a theoretical study on how to use saturation phenomena to design nonlinear vibration absorbers and how to improve their stability and effective frequency bandwidth. The so-called original saturation control method uses 2 : 1 internal resonances and saturation phenomena to suppress steady-state vibrations of a dynamical system by connecting it to a second-order controller using quadratic position coupling terms, which do not really suppress vibration to zero as a linear vibration absorber does. However, a linear vibration absorber uses direct position feedbacks and splits one natural frequency of the original system into two and hence spill-over effects exist when the system is subjected to broad-band and/or transient excitations. Although a saturation controller does not split one natural frequency into two, one large-amplitude nonlinear solution coexists with a small-amplitude linear solution outside of the resonance area. Hence, the existence of spillover effects depends on initial conditions. A refined nonlinear vibration absorber is designed by using a quadratic velocity coupling term in the controller and adding a negative velocity feedback to the system. It is shown that the quadratic velocity coupling term enables a saturation controller to suppress system vibrations to zero. Moreover, the linear velocity feedback enhances the capability of suppressing transient vibrations and prevents the system from having the large-amplitude nonlinear response. Two equations describing the first-mode vibration of a stainless-steel beam and a saturation controller from the authors’ previous experimental work are used in this theoretical study. Both perturbation and direct numerical integration solutions are presented. Guidelines for designing nonlinear vibration absorbers are derived.     

Choking Phenomena of Gas‐Powder Flows at Sonic Velocity

Choking phenomena of gas‐powder flows in a horizontal constant cross‐section duct are experimentally studied using three kinds of powders: Al₂O₃, hollow Al₂O₃ (H‐alumina) and Al, with different physical properties such as densities, specific heat capacities and thermal conductivities. The relationship between the mass flowrate and inlet stagnant pressures is analysed and the apparent sonic velocity (ASV) of gas‐powder flows is defined. The influences of physical properties of powders on the ASV are obtained by the comparison between the experimental results of different powders. Two characteristic parameters, the effective specific heat capacity (ESHC) of solid phase and the effective isentropic exponent (EIE) of the mixture, are defined to describe the choking phenomena. The ESHC is not only measured through experiment but also calculated by numerical method. The calculated results are well consistent with the measured ones. As a preliminary application test for choking phenomena ‐ in order to uniform the pulverized coal injection (PCI) into a blast furnace ‐, a model PCI system with two branch pipes was set up and tests were carried out to verify the choking effect. The test results show that, during choking, the PC flow rates in the branch pipes can be well equalized no matter how much the downstream conditions differ from each other.     

基于经济负荷分配的混沌迭代粒子群算法

为高效求解复杂的非凸、非线性电力系统经济负荷分配问题,提出了一种混沌迭代粒子群算法：粒子群算法的全局搜索能力很强,但易陷入局部最优,混沌的遍历性特性可有效抑制早熟现象。将最优迭代因子引入粒子群算法,对经粒子群算法搜索后的先验解进行基于一种新 Ｔｅｎｔ映射的混沌变异,并改进算法的迭代策略,以平衡粒子的全局和局部性搜索,避免了早熟收敛。通过 ６机组、１５机组的仿真试验,以及同其他算法仿真结果的比较,验证了本算法良好的收敛性和寻优性。     

浅谈建筑工程施工技术资料质量控制措施

通过对施工技术资料中水泥的复试报告、混凝土试块留量、建筑节能保温工程中隐蔽部位的验收、质量检查记录中一般项目的量测等质量通病的分析,提出了预防上述质量通病的措施,从而使建筑工程技术资料能如实反映工程质量。     

自适应变异的粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群算法的早熟收敛问题,提出一种新的基于群体适应度变化率自适应变异的粒子群优化算法。该算法根据群体适应度变化率自适应调整惯性权重的取值,根据当前种群的平均粒距对种群中部分粒子进行变异操作。自适应调整与变异操作能增强算法跳出局部最优的能力,增大寻找全局最优的几率。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明,新算法的全局搜索能力有了明显的提高,有效避免了早熟收敛问题。     

基于免疫更新机制的遗传算法及其在规划问题中的应用

受生物体免疫系统抗体更新机制的启发，将抗体更新机制引入遗传算法，从而保证抗体遗传子的多样性，有效地防止了遗传操作中的早期收敛。对遗传子进行分段编码以对应多道染色体，进而克服了传统遗传算法只能对二值染色体进行操作的缺陷。应用实例证明了该方法的有效性。     

线性递减的粒子群优化算法

粒子群优化算法（ PSO）是一种仿生类的全局优化算法,它借助记忆与反馈机制完成了寻优搜索。该算法受到了鸟类觅食活动的启发而得,其基本思想源于对鸟类简化社会模型的研究及行为模拟,其中的每个个体充分利用自身与群体的智能,不断地调整学习,最终得到满意解。该算法常用于求解非线性问题、组合优化问题等。因其具有易理解,易实现,控制参数少,收敛速度快等优点,该算法一经提出就吸引了广泛的关注,逐渐成为一个新的研究热点。然而粒子群优化算法也有些不足,如搜索精度不高,易早熟以及易陷入局部极值等。而且算法在搜索后期也有产生振荡现象的可能,使得算法收敛起来会较慢。所以,文中就粒子群在迭代后期所出现的振荡现象进行了研究,并作出改进,提出了一种飞行时间单调递减的粒子群优化算法。新算法改善了算法的寻优能力,减小了粒子在寻优过程中的振荡现象。     

采用温度回升法对任意结晶区间的铸件凝固结晶潜热的数值计算

铸件凝固结晶潜热的释放行为与凝固传热、溶质传输及铸造合金种类与成分等诸多因素有关，合金凝固过程中其温度、固相体积分数与液相成分(T-fs—CL)三者之间一般存在着非线性强耦合关系．采用合金凝固传输统一模型及温度回升(补偿)法提出的处理任意结晶温度区间(包括零结晶区间)凝固潜热释放问题的数值迭代计算方法，对不同合金成分与不同固相反扩散效应的二维Al—Cu合金铸件定向凝固传输过程进行了数值计算，表明该方法对于从纯金属到共晶成分的不同成分合金及从Scheil模型到Lever-Rule模型之间的任意凝固模式均是有效的．将该方法推广应用于叶片铸件三维凝固传输过程的T-fs—CL耦合数值模拟仍显示出高的计算效率．通过对计算结果进行的三维图像数据处理，展示了铸件几何形状对凝固传输行为的重要影响．     

造纸配料组分的湿部化学

对造纸配料组分及其胶体化学特性、表面动电行为、配料组分的聚集、吸附等作了较为系统的论述．