Z501型轻油蒸汽预转化催化剂在制氢装置的应用

介绍别Z501型预转化催化剂在制氢装置的工业应用。传统的轻油蒸汽转化制氢工艺对原料的要求较高，运行周期不长。预转化工艺是对传统制氢工艺的重要改进，国产预转化催化刑的成功开发和应用，将极大地推动预转化工艺发展。     

Effect of pH on microbial hydrogen fermentation

The influence of initial pH of the culture medium on hydrogen production was studied using sucrose solution and a mixed microbial flora from a soybean‐meal silo. Hydrogen production was not observed at pH values of 3.0, 11.0 and 12.0 but low production was observed at pH values 5.0 and 5.5. The pH of the experimental mixture decreased rapidly and produced hydrogen gas within 30 h. Methane was not detected at initial pH values between 6.0 and 10.0. The sucrose degradation efficiency increased as the initial pH value increased from 3.0 to 9.0. The maximum sucrose degradation efficiency of 95% was observed at pH 9.0. The maximum specific production yields of hydrogen, VFAs and alcohols were 126.9 cm³ g^?1 sucrose (pH of 9.0), 0.7 gCOD g^?1 sucrose (pH of 8.0) and 128.7 mgCOD g^?1 sucrose (pH of 9.0), respectively. The relationship between the hydrogen ion concentration and the specific hydrogen production rate has been mathematically described. The best kinetic parameters on the specific hydrogen production rate were K_OH = 1.0 × 10^?7 mol dm^?3 and K_H = 1.1 × 10^?4 mol dm^?3 (r² = 0.86). The maximum specific hydrogen production rate was 37.0 cm³ g^?1 VSS h^?1. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

CSTR和ACR丁酸型发酵制氢系统的运行特性比较

为寻求更好的连续流发酵生物制氢反应器模式,以稀释糖蜜为底物,控制反应系统为丁酸型发酵,比较研究了搅拌槽式反应器（CSTR）和厌氧接触式反应器（ACR）的启动运行特性。结果表明,以经曝气培养的下水道污泥为接种物,在接种量4.8 g MLVSS·L^-1、进水COD 5000 mg·L^-1、HRT 12 h、温度（35±1）℃和pH 5.5～6.0等相同条件下,CSTR系统可以更快地达到稳定的丁酸型发酵状态,而ACR系统因其有效的生物持有能力而在产氢性能方面更具优势。在稳定运行状态下,ACR系统的底物酸化率、产氢速率和污泥的比产氢速率分别为44%、9 L·d^-1和0.15 L·(g MLVSS·d)^-1,分别是CSTR系统的1.62、2.05和1.15倍。     

配方肥生产线进料装置控制系统

针对配方肥生产过程中由于人工称料、投料和输送带自动投料不稳定而造成配方比例不准确的问题,设计配方肥生产线进料装置智能控制系统。     

乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应机理的研究进展

总结了乙醇水蒸气重整反应研究中给出的有关反应中间体存在的实验证据,就文献中有关机理的讨论作了较为详细的介绍,综述了乙醇水蒸气重整制氢过程中可能存在的反应路径。指出催化剂的组成、晶格结构、表面酸碱性、氧化还原性等因素对催化反应机理有显著影响,原料水醇比、温度、压力等反应工艺条件也会影响反应产物的选择性和平衡浓度。指出量化计算催化剂表面性质和晶格结构参数,深入研究催化反应机理,是乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的研究趋势。     

PVC/ABS合金的生产及应用研究进展

PVC／ABS合金是两种树脂通过共混技术制成的一类共混物。PVC／ABS合金一方面具有PVC独特的难燃自熄性、耐化学药品性,另一方面又具有ABS的耐热、耐冲击和容易加工的性能。介绍了PVC／ABS合金国内外研究现状,阐述了PVC／ABS合金的加工应用情况,并分析了PVC／ABS合金共混的生产工艺路线。     

天然气制氢工艺现状及发展

天然气制氢气常用于大规模的氢气供应场合,在天然气丰富的地区,天然气制氢是最好的选择。然而天然气水蒸汽重整制氢需吸收大量的热,制氢过程能耗高,燃料成本占生产成本的52%～68%,天然气价格仍是上涨的趋势,反应需要昂贵的耐高温不锈钢管作反应器。因此,开发和改进更为先进的天然气制氢新工艺技术是解决廉价氢源的方向。     

中东油气产业现状与发展前景

综述了中东油气产业现状,将其油气储量和储采比与其他主要地区进行了比较分析,并研究了其油气生产和消费以及炼油工业状况。基于对其油气产业发展前景的分析,指出未来中东在世界油气市场上仍将起着举足轻重的作用。     

聚氯乙烯糊树脂聚合釜增加单位体积产能的试验

分析了聚氯乙烯糊树脂聚合釜单位体积产能较小的原因,扩能试验表明:增大搅拌器直径后,48 m3聚氯乙烯糊树脂聚合釜可增加单位体积产能50%,该试验结果也可用于把307、0 m3悬浮法聚氯乙烯聚合釜改造为乳液法聚氯乙烯聚合釜。     

用于PEMFC的丙烷自热重整制氢操作条件优化研究

Autothermal reforming （ATR） is one of the leading methods for hydrogen production from hydrocarbons. Liquefied petroleum gas, with propane as the main component, is a promising fuel for on-board hydrogen producing systems in fuel cell vehicles and for domestic fuel cell power generation devices. In this article, propane ATR process is studied and operation conditions are optimized with PRO/Ⅱ from SIMSCI for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application. In the ATR system including water gas shift and preferential oxidation, heat in the hot streams and cold streams is controlled to be in balance. Different operation conditions are studied and drawn in contour plots. The region for ATR reforming with the highest efficiency can thus be identified. One operation point was chosen with the following process parameters： feed temperature for the ATR reactor is 425℃, steam to carbon ratio S/C is 2.08, air stoichiometry is 0.256. Thermal efficiency for the integrated system is calculated to be as high as 84.0 % with 38.27 % H2 and 3.2μl·L^-1 CO in the product gas.