The influence of branch length on the deformation and microstructure of polyethylene

The length and number of side chain branches have a profound influence on the microstructure and physical properties of polyethylene (PE). For a series of linear PE copolymers: environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR), melting points, creep resistance and modulus, and equilibrium spherulite size were all found to increase with increasing branch length (methyl to hexyl) at a given density and molecular weight. It is proposed that (at a fixed molecular weight) branch length and branch concentration determine spherulite size and, consequently, spherulitic boundary areas, in which the dry crazing/voiding occurs during the incubation period of environmental stress cracking (ESC). At a fixed density, decreased spherulite size contributes to greater spherulite boundary slip and increased creep at low (less than 2 MPa) stresses.     

Crystal lattice deformation and the mesophase in poly(ethylene terephthalate) uniaxially drawn by solid-state coextrusion

The development of crystalline and mesophase structure on drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been studied. The uniaxial drawing has been done by solid-state coextrusion from 50 to 90°C. The unit-cell parameters of stress-induced crystallites in extrudates have been determined as a function of extrusion draw ratio (EDR) up to 4.4 and at an extrusion temperature (ET) above T_g, at 70 and 90°C. The higher the EDR, the longer the c-axis chain direction, the shorter the a and b axes and the smaller the unit-cell volume. In comparison with the conventional lattice parameters obtained by Bunn and Fisher, the highest elongation of the c axis is near 10%. These features imply that the lattice of stress-induced crystallites is far from the closest packing. Coextrudates made below the T_g of PET differ markedly from those made above T_g. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of PET extruded at 50°C (below T_g) even at high draw ratio exhibit small and/or imperfect crystallites. They appear much as a mesophase. The distance between macromolecular chains ranges from 3.2 to 5.4 Å. The shortest value in the mesophase approaches the interplanar crystal distance of 3.4 Å for the (100) crystal face, on which the benzene rings lie. The crystalline peak separation of the PET, WAXD curve has been evaluated to obtain absolute crystallinities and the content of mesophase and amorphous phase.     

西南某水电站厂房上游侧后坡变形体稳定性研究

电站厂房上游侧后坡受施工排水、边坡开挖等综合因素的影响,形成了规模巨大的变形体,其稳定性直接威胁了厂址的安全,为此对变形体进行了地质钻探、物探、地面三维变形监测和稳定性计算等研究.结果表明:变形体为整体推移式、局部牵引式的蠕变滑移;从成因和机理分析,施工排水和降雨是诱发形成的最主要因素;其天然稳定性随着降雨量的变化而呈周期性变化,雨季的稳定性差,旱季有所提高,但在饱水或地震条件下,存在失稳的可能.     

A general method for modified function projective synchronization

This paper investigates the modified function projective synchronization,which means that the drive system and the response system are synchronized up to a desired scale matrix of function. By the active control scheme,a general method for modified function projective synchronization is proposed. Numerical simulations on chaotic Rssler system and hyper-chaotic Chen system are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Modeling of metadynamic recrystallization kinetics after hot deformation of low-alloy steel Q345B

Based on the steady-state strain measured by single-pass hot compression tests, the method by a double-pass hot compression testing was developed to measure the metadynamic-recrystallization kinetics. The metadynamic recrystallization behavior of low-alloy steel Q345B during hot compression deformation was investigated in the temperature range of 1 000–1 100 °C, the strain rate range of 0.01–0.10 s⁻¹ and the interpass time range of 0.5–50 s on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-simulation machine. The results show that metadynamic recrystallization during the interpass time can be observed. As the deformation temperature and strain rate increase, softening caused by metadynamic recrystallization is obvious. According to the data of thermo-simulation, the metadynamic recrystallization activation energy is obtained to be Q _md=100.674 kJ/mol and metadynamic recrystallization kinetics model is set up. Finally, the error analysis of metadynamic recrystallization kinetics model proves that the model has high accuracy (correlation coefficient R=0.988 6).     

Deformation and failure study of surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in deep mines

In order to understand the change rules of stress-displacement in surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in deep mines and to obtain a theoretical basis for analyses of roadway stability and designs of support,we established a coupling equation of adjacent rock strength,mining stress and supporting resistance on the basis of an elastic-plastic theory of mechanics.We obtained an analytical solution for stress and displacement distribution of elastic and plastic regions in surrounding rock of dynamic pressure roadway..Based on this theory,we have analyzed the changes in stress-displacement in elastic and plastic regions of surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in the Haizi Coal Mine.The results show that:1) radial and tangential stress change violently within the first 4 m from the inner surface of a roadway after excavation;radial stress increases while tangential stress decreases within a range of about 6 m from the inner surface of the roadway as a function of q3;2) radial and tangential stress increase with an increase in the mining pressure coefficient k;the increase in the rate of tangential stress is greater than that of radial stress;3) the radial displacement of the inner surface of roadways decreases with an increase in q3,provided that k remains unchanged.     

Deformation behavior and microstructure of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy during hot deformation

The hot deformation behavior and microstructures of Al-7055 commercial alloy were investigated by axisymmetric hot compression at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 450°C and strain rates from 10-2 to 10 s-1,respectively.Microstructures of deformed 7055 alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The dependence of peak stress on deformation temperature and strain rate can be expressed by the hyperbolic-sine type equation.The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy is 146 kJ/mol....     

地下连续墙施工变形监测与结果分析

以抚州市电力大厦为例,监测其地下连续墙的水平位移和沉降监测。从水平位移监测值来看,北侧的水平位移较大,D8的位移达到预警值,D5临近预警值,为此,在1层开挖位移增加值较大处（深度为4．2m）加大对部分观测点的观测频数,并加强北面的支护体系,增加角支撑,并在长边增加2根对撑。沉降变化曲线表明：地下连续墙墙顶在整个开挖过程中存在一个波浪式的抬升现象。除第V阶段开挖过程因开挖面积及土方量均较小、反应不明显外,伴随着每次挖土过程地下连续墙墙顶均有一次明显的抬升过程,在楼板的制作和养护期间,墙顶先下沉后逐渐趋于稳定,大底板浇筑后墙顶又逐渐下沉。     

基于灰色残差GM（1，1）模型的建筑物沉降预测的研究

针对现代高层建筑进行沉降观测,对其未来的变形趋势进行准确地预测具有重要的意义。针对传统灰色GM（1,1）模型存在的模型精度不高的问题,提出了灰色残差GM（1,1）模型,并将其应用于对建筑物的沉降变形进行定量分析。通过与原始模型的对比分析可以发现,灰色残差模型在精度上有了显著的提高,更加适用于基础沉降的预测,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

地基弹性反力与板式基础共同工作的精确算法

推导了一种精确的地基弹性反力与板式基础共同工作的计算方法.本方法引入了地基弹性反力刚度矩阵的概念,与传统的计算方法相比理论上具有更高的精度.结合具体算例,将本算法和传统算法的结果进行对比表明,这一新算法是有效的,且将对更加精确地计算基础变形起到积极作用.