全氟磺酸树脂/PVDF共混膜的研究

为了降低质子交换膜的成本,选用聚偏氟乙烯和全氟磺酸树脂为原料,采用溶液-浇铸法制备了全氟磺酸树脂/聚偏氟乙烯的共混膜.通过XPS测试发现共混膜在制备过程中不同接触面元素含量不同;这些不同的元素含量对共混膜的发电性能产生了一定程度的影响.在相同条件下,O2通往空气成膜一方时的发电性能比通往玻璃一方的发电性能要好.     

膜基气体吸收过程中活化剂的活化性能比较

将AMP(2-甲基-2-氨基-1-丙醇)和PZ(哌嗪)作为活化剂,分别添加于MDEA(N-甲基二乙醇胺)溶液中组成复合溶液,在膜吸收装置上考察了其吸收CO2性能. 通过气液流速、气相组成、液相浓度、负载、膜组件结构和膜结构形态等对总传质系数Kov影响的比较,研究了具有多氨基环状结构的化合物PZ和空间位阻结构的化合物AMP在膜气体吸收过程中对传质的加强作用. 结果表明,多氨基化合物PZ比空间位阻胺AMP活化效应更大,PZ对传质的加强作用高于AMP,流体力学因素对传质的影响有限,活化剂的化学活化作用对传质的影响是关键性因素,动力学因素对传质具有本质上的作用.     

Mitochondrial Lipids: From Membrane Organization to Apoptotic Facilitation

Mitochondria are the most complex intracellular organelles, their function combining energy production for survival and apoptosis facilitation for death. Such a multivariate physiology is structurally and functionally reflected upon their membrane configuration and lipid composition. Mitochondrial double membrane lipids, with cardiolipin as the protagonist, show an impressive level of complexity that is mandatory for maintenance of mitochondrial health and protection from apoptosis. Given that lipidomics is an emerging field in cancer research and that mitochondria are the organelles with the most important role in malignant maintenance knowledge of the mitochondrial membrane, lipid physiology in health is mandatory. In this review, we will thus describe the delicate nature of the healthy mitochondrial double membrane and its role in apoptosis. Emphasis will be given on mitochondrial membrane lipids and the changes that they undergo during apoptosis induction and progression.     

成膜条件对聚丙烯腈炭膜性能的影响

采用浸渍法在煤基炭管上制备出聚丙烯腈基复合炭膜,考察了成膜条件对聚丙烯腈基炭膜的性能的影响.结果表明,涂膜液温度、环境湿度、提升速率和干燥温度对炭膜性能均有一定程度影响,通过优化这些实验参数可以制备出复合效果较好,表面光滑无缺陷的聚丙烯腈炭膜.     

Rosmarinic Acid,as an NHE1 Activator,Decreases Skin Surface pH and Improves the Skin Barrier Function

Stratum corneum (SC) pH regulates skin barrier functions and elevated SC pH is an important factor in various inflammatory skin diseases. Acidic topical formulas have emerged as treatments for impaired skin barriers. Sodium proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) is an important factor in SC acidification. We investigated whether topical applications containing an NHE1 activator could improve skin barrier functions. We screened plant extracts to identify NHE1 activators in vitro and found Melissa officinalis leaf extract. Rosmarinic acid, a component of Melissa officinalis leaf extract, significantly increased NHE1 mRNA expression levels and NHE1 production. Immunofluorescence staining of NHE1 in 3D-cultured skin revealed greater upregulation of NHE1 expression by NHE1 activator cream, compared to vehicle cream. Epidermal lipid analysis revealed that the ceramide level was significantly higher upon application of the NHE1 activator cream on 3D-cultured skin, compared to application of a vehicle cream. In a clinical study of 50–60-year-old adult females (n = 21), application of the NHE1 activator-containing cream significantly improved skin barrier functions by reducing skin surface pH and transepidermal water loss and increasing skin hydration, compared to patients who applied vehicle cream and those receiving no treatment. Thus, creams containing NHE1 activators, such as rosmarinic acid, could help maintain or recover skin barrier functions.     

Aquaporins Are One of the Critical Factors in the Disruption of the Skin Barrier in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving as an effective mechanical barrier between the internal milieu and the external environment. The skin is widely considered the first-line defence of the body, with an essential function in rejecting pathogens and preventing mechanical, chemical, and physical damages. Keratinocytes are the predominant cells of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, which acts as a mechanical and water-permeability barrier. The epidermis is a permanently renewed tissue where undifferentiated keratinocytes located at the basal layer proliferate and migrate to the overlying layers. During this migration process, keratinocytes undertake a differentiation program known as keratinization process. Dysregulation of this differentiation process can result in a series of skin disorders. In this context, aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins allowing the movement of water and small neutral solutes, are emerging as important players in skin physiology and skin diseases. Here, we review the role of AQPs in skin keratinization, hydration, keratinocytes proliferation, water retention, barrier repair, wound healing, and immune response activation. We also discuss the dysregulated involvement of AQPs in some common inflammatory dermatological diseases characterised by skin barrier disruption.     

Lipid biophysics and/or soft matter-inspired approach for controlling enveloped virus infectivity

Proven as a natural barrier against viral infection, pulmonary surfactant phospholipids have a biophysical and immunological role within the respiratory system, acting against microorganisms including viruses. Enveloped viruses have, in common, an outer bilayer membrane that forms the underlying structure for viral membrane proteins to function in an optimal way to ensure infectivity. Perturbating the membrane of viruses using exogenous lipids can be envisioned as a generic way to reduce their infectivity. In this context, the potential of exogenous lipids to be used against enveloped virus infectivity would be indicated by the resulting physical stress imposed to the viral membrane, and conical lipids, i.e. lyso-lipids, would be expected to generate stronger biophysical disturbances. We confirm that when treated with lyso-lipids the infectivity three strains of influenza virus (avian H2N3, equine H3N8 or pandemic human influenza H1N1) is reduced by up to 99% in a cell-based model. By contrast, lipids with a similar head group but two aliphatic chains were less effective (reducing infection by only 40–50%). This work opens a new path to merge concepts from different research fields, i.e. ‘soft matter physics'' and virology.     

陶瓷膜处理乙醇发酵废水的工艺条件研究

发酵法生产乙醇的过程中产生大量废水,文中采用陶瓷膜处理乙醇发酵废水,考察了膜孔径、料液性质以及操作条件对过滤过程的影响。结果表明,陶瓷膜过滤乙醇发酵废水有较好的效果,化学需氧量(COD)去除率达80%,固体悬浮物(SS)截留率在99%以上。确定了孔径为200nm的膜管在pH值为8.0,错流速度为5m/s,温度为50℃,操作压力0.15MPa条件下操作,膜通量大于700L/(m2·h)。     

海藻酸纤维的成胶性能

本文研究了几种不同的海藻酸纤维的成胶性能。通过对纤维释放钙离子率、吸水率、吸 0 .9%生理盐水率等性能的测定 ,分析了海藻酸的化学组成和纤维中Ca(II)和Na(I)离子含量对纤维成胶性能的影响     

超临界体系脂肪酶膜催化合成甘油二酯的研究

以醋酸纤维素和聚四氟乙烯为材料制备醋酸纤维素/聚四氟乙烯复合膜,采用吸附-交联相结合的固定化方法,用该复合膜固定化脂肪酶。并研究了在超临界CO2状态下,采用该固定化脂肪酶膜催化一级大豆油与甘油反应合成甘油二酯的工艺,以反应产物中甘油二酯的含量为指标,通过单因素与响应面法进行分析,确定最佳的工艺条件为:一级大豆油与甘油的物质的量比为2∶1,反应温度为64℃,时间为7 h,加酶量为3.2%,甘油含水量为1%。在此条件下,得到反应产物中甘油二酯的质量分数为66.3%。