基于辐照度法的场地辐射校正试验研究——场地同步观测仪器的比较

２０００年９月在敦煌辐射校正场用国内外两组仪器同时获取场地数据,经数据处理分析后,对中巴地球资源一号卫星ＣＣＤ相机进行了绝对辐射定标。本文通过对试验数据的结果比对和误差分析,证明国产仪器完全能满足对中巴地球资源一号卫星进行绝对辐射定标的精度要求。     

新型多通道微波辐射计及大气观测分析

MWP967KV型微波辐射计是国内第一台自主研发的地基多通道微波辐射计,能够接收和精确测量5毫米和13毫米波段大气辐射强度,可以实时反演出从地面到垂直10km上空高分辨率的大气温湿廓线,而且能探测路径气柱上的水汽和液态水积分总量。本文介绍了MWP967KV型微波辐射计的主要功能、工作原理,并与进口辐射计在不同天气条件下的输出数据进行了对比,结果表明该设备具有优良的工作性能。     

Crookes辐射计内最佳真空度的实验和仿真研究

应用实验和蒙特卡罗(DSMC)方法,研究了Crookes 辐射计工作的最佳真空条件.在辐射计内转子可以自由转动的条件下,测量了辐射计转子的转速与腔内真空度的关系,实验表明,转子的转速与腔内的真空度、转子叶片的边长有关.在叶片边长分别为20 mm和10 mm的情况下,最大转速分别出现在0.1 Pa和3 Pa.应用DSMC方法,仿真得到了在不同真空度条件下,作用在转子叶片两边的压力差分布,结果表明,在叶片边长分别为20 mm和10 mm的情况下,最大压力差分别出现在0.1～0.5 Pa和2～5 Pa.文中给出了腔内稀薄气体的速度矢量图.     

基于全极化微波辐射计WindSat亮温数据的海面风场反演

根据全极化微波辐射传输理论,利用双尺度模式建立了海面辐射亮温的反演算法,并且利用美国发射的全球第一个星载全极化微波辐射计(WindSat)在轨运行期间的亮温数据进行了海面风场的反演,重点分析了风向反演的模糊度问题,并对风场反演结果进行了评估.研究结果初步验证了全极化辐射计在卫星上遥感海面风场的能力:与美国国家环境预报中心(NECP)的数据进行比较,反演的风速误差为1.15m/s,5m/s以上风速下的风向误差为21°;与TAO浮标数据进行比较,风速误差为1.4m/s,风速5m/s以上的风向误差为20.5°.     

Infrared Filter Radiometers for Thermodynamic Temperature Determination below 660 °C

At the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), absolutely-calibrated filter radiometers based on silicon photodiodes are routinely used for thermodynamic temperature determinations of blackbodies in the range from the zinc fixed point (FP) (419 °C) up to 3,000 °C. To extend the temperature range down to the tin FP (232 °C), we have designed two new filter radiometers based on indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiodes with center wavelengths at 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm. For the absolute calibration of the spectral irradiance responsivity of the new InGaAs filter radiometers, the spectral responsivity measurement in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range has been significantly improved. With a newly developed tuneable laser and monochromator-based cryogenic radiometer facility, the relative standard uncertainty of the NIR spectral responsivity has been reduced from 0.17 % to about 0.03 %. By using the calibrated InGaAs filter radiometer in conjunction with the large-area double sodium heat pipe of the PTB, the first results for the difference between the thermodynamic temperature T and the ITS-90 temperature T ₉₀ in the temperature range from the zinc FP up to the aluminum FP (660 °C) are presented. The values for T – T ₉₀ determined with the new InGaAs filter radiometers are consistent within their relative standard uncertainty of about 30 mK at 419 °C to about 60 mK at 660 °C. References to commercial products are for identification purposes only and constitute neither endorsement nor representation that the item identified is the best available for the stated purpose.     

多波段水下光谱辐射计

研制了基于干涉滤光片分光的船载多波段水下光谱辐射计,该辐射计可同步观测12波段下行光谱辐照度、12波段上行光谱辐照度和7波段上行光谱辐亮度,水下剖面测量深度达200m。在水槽中测定了辐照度探头的余弦响应特性和浸没因子,利用MonteCarlo方法模拟了阴影误差分布,给出了仪器的主要性能指标。给出了与Macam公司SR9910c型水下光谱仪的比对结果以及海上试验数据的分析结果。     

通道式辐射计的相对光谱响应率定标

为配合气象卫星的在轨辐射定标,利用自行设计的宽光谱辐射定标系统配合高精度陷阱探测器,采用光谱替代法为试验中所需的可见、近红外辐射计和近红外、短波红外辐射计进行了高精度相对光谱响应率定标.详细叙述和分析了定标过程以及影响测量结果的不确定度源,其最终合成不确定度为3.21×10-3,满足了定标精度要求.     

Improved Near-Infrared Spectral Responsivity Scale

A cryogenic radiometer-based system was constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for absolute radiometric measurements to improve detector spectral power responsivity scales in the wavelength range from 900 nm to 1800 nm. In addition to the liquid-helium-cooled cryogenic radiometer, the system consists of a 100 W quartz-tungsten-halogen lamp light source and a 1 m single-grating monochromator for wavelength selection. The system was characterized and the uncertainty in spectral power responsivity measurements evaluated. A variety of photodetectors, including indium gallium arsenide photodiodes (InGaAs), germanium (Ge) photodiodes, and pyroelectric detectors, were subsequently calibrated. Over most of the spectral range, the spectral power responsivity of the photodetectors can be measured with a combined relative standard uncertainty of 0.4 % or less. This is more than a factor of two smaller than our previous capabilities, and represents a significant improvement in the near infrared (NIR) spectral power responsivity scale maintained at NIST. We discuss the characterization of the monochromator-based system and present results of photodetector spectral power responsivity calibrations.     

K波段大气微波辐射计采集控制系统的设计实现

辐射计的采集控制系统主要由数据采集、与上位机通信等模块构成,完成的任务包括将现场采集到的数据进行处理并存储、对伺服机构进行控制、与上位机通信等系统的调度工作,是辐射计的控制中心.主要研究了一种K波段大气微波辐射谱分析仪采集控制系统的设计实现.     

太阳辐照绝对辐射计的精密温度控制系统设计

为了提高太阳辐照绝对辐射计(SIARs)的测量精度,消除温度变化对SIARs测量精度的影响,研究设计了精密温度控制系统,对SIARs进行恒温控制;通过对铂电阻温度传感器自热效应的弱化,提高了温度测量的精度;提出了一种新的复合PID控制算法,该复合控制算法使系统获得良好的动态和稳态性能;使用密闭的高低温箱来模拟星上温度条件对系统进行了实验测试,实验数据表明,系统控制精度在0.1℃以内,可为SIARs工作提供稳定的温度环境。