基于短时间温升试验和参数估计模型预测稳定温度

电机在稳定运行状态下的绕组温度是反映电机性能的重要参数。通常,检测机构依据GB/T1032-2012中规定的方法进行温升试验,至少需要持续3小时,甚至达到6小时。短时间内求取电机稳定温度能够提升检测机构温升检测试验的效率,节约检测机构大量的电力成本和人工成本。同时,根据预测温度能够监测绕组温度,避免绕组的绝缘漆损坏而导致电机烧毁。通过研究均匀纯铜的指数发热规律、创新实时带电测量绕组温度的装置和基于线性逼近方式建立参数估计模型的方法,搭建了在短时间高精度预估电机温度的系统。在对不同功率段电机进行现场温升实验验证中,结果表明系统能够高效准确的预测电机的稳定温度。     

Quantitative determination of corrosion products and adsorbed water on copper in humid air containing SO2 by IR-RAS measurements

The time dependency of the amounts of corrosion products and co-existing adsorbed water on copper in humid air containing SO₂ was estimated from a series of in situ time-resolved IR-RAS spectra on the basis of the relations between the band intensities and the mass changes of the corrosion products, which were determined by simultaneous measurement of IR-RAS and QCM. The amounts of both corrosion products increased slowly at the initial stage and later increased rapidly. Although the relative humidity was kept constant, the amount of adsorbed water increased nearly the same behavior as that of corrosion products in the stage of relatively small amounts of corrosion products and later increased rapidly when the amounts of corrosion products increased. In humid air without SO₂, sulfite gradually decomposed and some of it changed into sulfate.     

Ti与含Ti或B中间合金对铝晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响

对比研究了电解加钛和含钛或硼中间合金对铝的晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响.结果表明,电解加钛和Al-5Ti中间合金在熔体温度较低时具有较好的晶粒细化效果,但随着熔体温度的升高,细化效果均迅速衰退;电解加钛再熔配加Al-4B中间合金可在熔体温度为720℃时获得最佳的细化效果,随着熔体温度的升高细化效果有所衰退,但衰退速度较慢;在加入Al-5Ti的同时加入Al-4B中间合金可明显提高Al-5Ti的晶粒细化效果和抗高温衰退能力,但效果不如电解加钛加Al-4B中间合金;Al-5Ti-1B中间合金具有最强的抗高温衰退能力,随着熔体温度的升高,晶粒不但不粗化反而有所下降,当熔体温度高于900℃时,才出现衰退现象.对试验结果及晶粒细化机制进行了分析.     

Nanocrystallization of Pd74Si18Au8 metallic glass

The crystallization process of Pd₇₄Si₁₈Au₈ amorphous alloy has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering and three-dimensional atom probe techniques. Although literature suggests that the alloy decomposes into two glassy phases prior to the crystallization, we found that the crystallization occurs directly from a single amorphous phase by the primary crystallization of fcc Pd–Au solid solution, followed by the polymorphous crystallization of the remaining amorphous phase to a Pd₃Si phase.     

贝氏体相变特点的研究

研究贝氏体相变的特点，弄清贝氏体相变反应与共析分解的区别极为重要。本文应用QUANTA--400环扫电镜和JEM-2010高分辨电镜观察了多种钢的珠光体和贝氏体组织形貌和亚结构。综合以往的研究资料，从表象到本质上分析了贝氏体相变的特征，阐述了贝氏体相变与共析分解的区别。认为：贝氏体相变具有过渡性特征，贝氏体相变绝非共析分解。有的学者将贝氏体相变说成是共析分解的延续，那是不正确的。从贝氏体的物理本质出发，提出了钢中的珠光体、贝氏体、共析分解、钢中贝氏体相变等重要概念的新定义。     

不同应力状态下铝合金变形及损伤机理的研究

利用改装的Arcan夹具对铝合金（6063）的蝶形试样进行0°，30°，45°，60°，90°的拉伸及拉伸卸载试验，研究了铝合金在不同应力状态下变形及损伤机理。结果表明：铝合金在不同应力状态下的工程应力一应变曲线明显不同。0°加载时，在蝶形中心产生微孔洞，微孔洞之间剪切，从而产生了微裂纹。随着微裂纹的扩展、连接导致试样断裂。随着试样中三轴应力度的减小，在蝶形试样中心的剪切应力不断增大，同时在蝶形试样中的剪切变形带越来越集中。显微裂纹首先在剪切带中产生，随着微裂纹的扩展导致试样的断裂。90°拉伸时，在蝶形中心形成明显的剪切变形带。90°加载时，在试样中产生的剪切带是形变剪切带而非相变剪切带。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对不同角度拉伸试验进行模拟，从而得出了不同应力状态下的塑性区的形状和大小。     

Hydrogen entry into steel during atmospheric corrosion process

Hydrogen entry and permeation into iron were measured by an electrochemical method during atmospheric corrosion reaction. The hydrogen permeation was enhanced on passive films because the hydrogen adsorption increased by the hydrogen evolution mechanism which is different from that on a bear iron surface. The permeation rate during a wet and dry corrosion cycle showed a maximum in the drying process depending upon the surface pH and the corrosion potential. The pollutant such as Na₂SO₃ which decreases the pH and the corrosion potential causes an increase in the permeation rate. The mechanism of the change in the permeation rate during the wet and dry cycles is explained by the polarization diagram of the electrode covered by thin water layer.     

钼精矿供应紧张支撑钼市场

介绍了2006年上半年国际、国内钼市场的产量、供需平衡及进出口情况。西方世界钼产量平稳，钼价格呈现出上涨趋势。西方世界钼铁平均价格1月份为53．5～55．8美元／kg，6月份为58．71～60．07美元/kg，上涨9．72％；中国产钼铁在鹿特丹仓库现货价格1月份为50．99～53．70美元／kg，6月份为58．51～60．03美元／kg，上涨14．74％。分析了上半年国际、国内钼市场的形势，预测下半年国际钼市场钼精矿供应仍将紧张，副产钼供应平缓，因此下半年的钼市场将得到支撑。     

聚四氟乙烯在烃化器上的应用

应用四氟衬里技术，成功地解决AlCl3液相法制乙苯存在的HCI对烃化器的腐蚀。     

Thermophysical properties of a Ti–44%Al–8%Nb–1%B alloy in the solid and molten states

The families of titanium aluminide intermetallic alloys have attractive high temperature mechanical properties which make them potential candidate materials for a wide range of applications, particularly in the aeronautic and automobile sectors. The development of appropriate manufacturing techniques is an essential stage in the engineering exploitation of these materials, e.g., Induction Skull Melting is one of the techniques which needs to be optimised for the casting of titanium aluminides. Research is underway to develop a computer model of this process but data are required for the key thermophysical properties. Pulse-heating techniques have been used to measure properties for the Ti–44Al–8Nb–1B system. Rectangular samples have been prepared and are resistively heated as part of a fast capacitor discharge circuit. Time-resolved measurements with sub-μs resolution of currents through the specimen were made with a Pearson probe current monitor using the induction principle. Voltages across the specimen were determined with knife-edge contacts and voltage dividers, and radiance temperatures of the sample were measured with a pyrometer. These measurements allow the calculation of specific heat and dependencies between enthalpy, electrical resistivity and temperature of the alloy up into the liquid phase. Data for thermal diffusivity have been obtained by using the Wiedeman–Franz relation. The results are compared with those obtained using DSC and the four-probe method to measure the temperature dependence of the resistivity.