驱油用表面活性剂AF性能评价及驱油效果研究

评价了脂肪酸烷醇酰胺表面活性剂AF的界面张力和乳化性能,利用岩心驱替实验对其提高采收率效果进行了研究。结果表明,在模拟地层水的矿化度为5 119.63 mg/L时,AF浓度为0.2%～1.2%,其界面张力均能达到超低值;NaCl浓度为0.4%～2%,AF有效浓度为0.3%～0.6%时,体系的界面张力均能达到10-3mN/m数量级。AF具有较好的乳化原油的能力,在浓度为0.5%时,形成的O/W乳状液的稳定性最强,液滴粒径最小。岩心驱替实验表明,AF表面活性剂可在水驱基础上提高原油采收率20%以上,提高采收率效果明显,具有良好的应用前景。     

PVC生产中电石粉尘的危害和治理

介绍了电石粉尘的危害和回收利用的方法及经济效益和环境效益。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Applications of a New Chelating Resin Containing 4-2-(Thiazolylazo) Resorcinol (TAR)

A new phenol–formaldehyde based chelating resin containing 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) functional groups has been synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Its adsorption behavior for Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), and Mn(II) has been investigated by batch and column experiments. The chelating resin is highly selective for Cu(II) in the pH range 2 ～ 3, whereas alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ions such as Na(I), Mg(II), and Ca(II) are not adsorbed even at pH 6. Quantitative recovery of most metal ions studied in this work except Co(II) is achieved by elution with 2M HNO₃ at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min^?1. A similar trend is observed for distribution coefficient values. The quantitative separations achieved on a mini-column of chelating resin include Cd(II) – Cu(II), Mn(II) – Pb(II), Co(II) – Cu(II), Mn(II) – Ni(II), and Mn(II) – Co(II) – Cu(II). The recovery of copper(II) is quantitative (98.0–99.0%) from test solutions (10–50 mg/L) by 1 mol/L HNO₃-0.01 mol/L EDTA. The chelating resin is stable in acidic solutions below 2.5 M HNO₃ or HCl as well as in alkaline solution below pH 11. The adsorption behavior of the resin towards Cu(II) was found to follow Langmuir isotherm and second order rate.     

凝结水的回收利用

针对凝结水在回收利用中存在的问题（如热量没有充分利用、疏水环节泄漏蒸汽、部分凝结水没有回收利用）,进行了技术改造,达到了节约能源、减少热污染的目的。     

高职院校实验室化学药品的科学管理探索

通过制定科学规范的药品管理制度,加强教师培训,面向学生开设实验室安全方面课程等途径,提高安全、规范使用化学品的意识。利用化学品管理软件对药品申请、使用、储存进行科学、有效的管理。对不同的废弃化学品采取不同的回收处理方式。多方面做好高校化学品管理,让实验室在高校发挥更大的作用。     

盾构机推进系统及故障排除

介绍了盾构机推进系统的工作原理,列出了盾构机推进允许的条件,并结合具体实例,分析了故障产生的原因,并对如何排除推进系统的故障进行了论述,以保证盾构机推进系统的正常运转。     

Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from alkaline fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge and application of the fermentation liquid to promote biological municipal wastewater treatment

In previous publications we reported that by controlling the pH at 10.0 the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) during waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation was remarkably improved [Yuan, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Jiang, S., Zhou, Q., Gu, G., 2006. Improved bioproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from excess sludge under alkaline conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 2025-2029], but significant ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N) and soluble ortho-phosphorus (SOP) were released [Chen, Y., Jiang, S., Yuan, H., Zhou, Q., Gu, G., 2007. Hydrolysis and acidification of waste activated sludge at different pHs. Water Res. 41, 683-689]. This paper investigated the simultaneous recovery of NH₄-N and SOP from WAS alkaline fermentation liquid and the application of the fermentation liquid as an additional carbon source for municipal wastewater biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize and model the simultaneous NH₄-N and SOP recovery from WAS alkaline fermentation liquid. Under the optimum conditions, the predicted and experimental recovery efficiency was respectively 73.4 and 75.7% with NH₄-N, and 82.0 and 83.2% with SOP, which suggested that the developed models described the experiments well. After NH₄-N and SOP recovery, the alkaline fermentation liquid was added to municipal wastewater, and the influence of volume ratio of fermentation liquid to municipal wastewater (FL/MW) on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated. The addition of fermentation liquid didn't significantly affect nitrification. Both SOP and total nitrogen (TN) removal were increased with fermentation liquid, but there was no significant increase at FL/MW greater than 1/35. Compared to the blank test, the removal efficiency of SOP and TN at FL/MW = 1/35 was improved from 44.0 to 92.9%, and 63.3 to 83.2%, respectively. The enhancement of phosphorus and nitrogen removal was mainly attributed to the increase of influent SCFA, or rather, the increase of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) which served as the carbon and energy sources for denitrification and phosphorus uptake. The addition of alkaline fermentation liquid to municipal wastewater, however, increased the effluent COD, which was caused mainly by the increase of influent humic acid, not protein or carbohydrate.     

热泵型天然气热电冷联供系统实践研究

介绍了一类新型的热泵型天然气热电冷联供系统,系统利用吸收式制冷机在冬季兼作热泵运行,提高了系统的能源利用效率,降低了运行成本,除了增加一个回收冷凝热的换热器外,不会过多增加系统的额外初投资.通过对该系统的理论和实践研究表明,这类系统能充分利用天然气这种高品质能源,提高系统的综合利用效率.     

脉动热管用于空调系统排风余热(冷)回收初探

分析了现有热管换热器在空调系统排风余热回收中的应用特点及问题.对新型脉动热管应用于空调系统排风余热回收进行了初步试验,结果表明该新型装置可以启动运行,并回收热量,但效率较低,需要进一步改进结构.     

商场建筑新风节能技术探讨

通过分析各个新风量控制方法的特性,结合大型商场的能耗特点,提出以CO2浓度.焓差法来控制商场内新风量.这种方法在空调系统全年运行时,能够最大限度地节省能源和改善室内空气品质.同时,排风对新风具有很可观的预热或预冷作用,在商场建筑空调系统中应尽量加装热回收装置,以提高系统的能量利用率.