Ferroelectric Properties and Applications of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (e.g. CH3NH3PbI3) have attracted tremendous attention due to their promise for achieving next-generation cost-effective and high performance optoelectronic devices. These hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites possess excellent optical and electronic properties, including strong light absorption, high carrier abilities, optimized charge diffusion lengths, and reduced charge recombination etc., leading to their widespread applications in advanced solar energy technologies (e.g. high efficiency perovskite solar cells). However, there is still a lack of investigations regarding fundamental properties such as ferroelectricity in these perovskites. As conventional ferroelectric ceramics are prepared at high temperature and have no mechanically flexibility, low-temperature proceed and flexible perovskite ferroelectrics have become promising candidates and should be exploited for future flexible ferroelectric applications. Here, ferroelectric properties in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites and several state-of-the-art perovskite ferroelectrics are reviewed. Novel ferroelectric applications of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are discussed as well, providing guideline for realizing future high performance and flexible ferroelectric devices.     

基于衍射受限矢量光管场的离散式复振幅滤波器的设计

提出一种离散式的复振幅光瞳滤波器,用于构建大数值孔径系统下柱对称偏振矢量光束的特殊聚焦光场。输入角向偏振矢量光束,经圆对称的6个离散环带复振幅滤波器滤波后聚焦。该滤波器半径已归一化,各环带具有不同透射振幅,外围两环带有相同的相位延迟,其余相邻透射环带间π反相。在聚焦区可获得超长(大于8λ)的衍射受限"光管"场。该"光管"场为中空的纯角向偏振矢量光场,管中心沿轴向无光场分布,光管横向直径(约0.31λ)在亚波长量级,"光管"管壁为沿轴向平坦分布的角向偏振矢量场,无轴向旁瓣。该复振幅滤波器可用于构建特殊三维矢量光场以及利用该光场进行粒子捕获和操控。     

Organic Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Cells Based on Oligothiophenes with Reduced Bandgap

The best polymeric solar cells reported so far are based on a so‐called bulk heterojunction of a polythiophene as donor and a soluble fullerene derivative as acceptor. However, these cells still suffer from an unsatisfying photovoltage, typically below 0.7 V. Here, we show that we can achieve higher photovoltages using a new terthiophene end‐capped with electron withdrawing dicyanovinyl groups (DCV3T) that increase both the ionization energy and even more strongly the electron affinity of the compound. The new material is tested in cells using a photoactive heterojunction to separate the excitons generated in the oligomer and a p‐doped wide‐gap transport layer. The solar cells show an open circuit voltage of up to 1.04 V and a broad spectral sensitivity band ranging from 420 nm to 650 nm. Solar cells based on such oligothiophenes are promising candidates for stacked organic solar cells tailored to the sun‐spectrum. Moreover, we present first examples of a new concept for organic solar cells: By blending DCV3T with fullerene C₆₀, an enhanced generation of triplet excitons on the oligomer can be achieved via a back and forth transfer of excitons (ping‐pong‐effect).     

Thermally induced whispering gallery mode laser in MEH-PPV solutions

We report on thermally activated whispering gallery laser modes of a solution of MEH-PPV conjugated polymer supported by a silica optical fiber. The viscosity of the polymer solution gives place to a thin shell of the gain solution around the fiber driven by capillary action. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are thermally induced by a decrease in the refractive index of the polymer solution under intense optical pumping. The laser emission is produced because the evanescent waves of the WGMs couple the surrounding gain medium. These results support the use of conjugated polymers in optofluidic laser systems and highlight the importance of physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and optically induced heating, on the performance of the devices.     

High-efficiency inverted polymer solar cells via dual effects of introducing the high boiling point solvent and the high conductive PEDOT:PSS layer

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are of great interest in the past decade owing to their potentially low-cost in the manufacturing by the solution-based roll to roll method. In this paper, a novel inverted device structure was introduced by inserting a high conductive PEDOT:PSS (hcPEDOT:PSS) layer between the Au nanoparticles (NPs)-embedded hole transport layer (PEDOT:PSS) and the top electrode layer. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) initially reached up to 4.51%, illustrating ∼10% higher compared with the device similarly enhanced by Au NPs plasmonics where only one PEDOT:PSS layer with the embedded Au NPs was used in single bulk heterojunction inverted PSCs based on the poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester (P3HT:PCBM). The PCE was further improved from 4.51% to 5.01% by adding the high-boiling point solvent of 1,8-diiodooctane (DD) into the active layer, presenting ∼20% enhancement in PCE through dual effects of introducing the high boiling point solvent and the high conductive PEDOT:PSS layer. Morphologies of the active layers were characterised by SEM and AFM separately in the paper.     

基于unity3D AR 体感游戏的设计与实现

针对传统游戏方式存在影响人身心健康的弊端,设计基于kinect2.0 体感设备和 unity3D 2017.4.3 开发AR 体感游戏。介绍游戏总体设计,给出开发流程图,详细阐述游戏开发过程中的关键技术、方法和插件,程序首次大 胆地将人物体感过程中的自拍照片按照Sisley 油画风格和多尺度弧形笔刷风格进行处理。实验结果表明：该游戏运 行流畅,功能和创新达到设计要求,能让玩家在娱乐中保留美好油画回忆。     

真空装置中的常见污染和清洁处理

主要介绍了真空装置中常见污染的形成、类型以及清洁处理的方法和真空工艺对环境的要求。     

High Molecular Weights,Polydispersities, and Annealing Temperatures in the Optimization of Bulk‐Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells Based on Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) or Poly(3‐butylthiophene)

A series of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s (P3HTs) and poly(3‐butylthiophene)s (P3BTs) with predetermined molecular weights and varying polydispersities are prepared using a simplified Grignard metathesis chain‐growth polymerization. Techniques were elaborated to prepare extremely high molecular weight P3HT (number‐average molecular weight of around 280 000 g mol^–1) with a low polydispersity (< 1.1) without resorting to fractionation. Optimization of the annealing of a series of solar cells based on blends of poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) and [6,6]‐phenyl C₆₁ butyric acid methyl ester indicates that the polydispersities, molecular weights, and degrees of conjugation of the P3ATs all have an important impact not only on cell characteristics but also on the most effective annealing temperature required. The results indicate that each cell requires annealing treatments specific to the type of polymer and its molecular weight distribution.     

Multifunctional,Ultra-Tough Organohydrogel E-Skin Reinforced by Hierarchical Goatskin Fibers Skeleton for Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Monitoring

E-skins based on conductive hydrogels are regarded as ideal candidates for sensing application. However, limited by the constructed materials and strategies, the current conductive hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, single function, and unsatisfactory conductivity, which seriously hinder their development and application. Herein, the natural goatskin with hierarchical 3D network structure weaved by collagen fibers is used as the substrate material for the construction of ultra-tough hydrogel through a “top-down” strategy, in which acrylic acid monomer is first vacuum-impregnated into the interstices of goatskin fibers skeleton and is then polymerized in situ to produce the skin-based hydrogel with unique 3D wrapping structure. Based on the skin-based hydrogel, a substrate with load-carrying capacity, after loaded with a new multifunctional nanoscale-conductive medium nanosilver particles (AgNPs) and 1,3-propanediol, a goatskin-derived multifunctional organohydrogel S@HCP is constructed with excellent mechanical properties, self-adhesion, transparency, ultraviolet shielding, antibacterial, biocompatibility, environmental stability, and conductivity. Notably, the stretchable S-TENG assembled using S@HCP can be perfectly suited for real-life applications including biomechanical energy harvesting, self-powered tactile-sensing, and motion monitoring. It is believed that, by combining natural animal skin with different functional materials, it is possible to reuse animal skin, “dead skin,” which provides a new platform for developing multifunctional flexible e-skin.     

Development of a novel 6LoWPAN-based multipurpose sensor monitoring and notification system

In the area of wireless communication technologies, 6LoWPAN leverages the extensive capabilities of IPv6, even within the constraints imposed by resource-limited devices, particularly within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The integration of 6LoWPAN into modern solutions for implementing the IPv6-based Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a sensor monitoring and notification system specifically designed for deployment over 6LoWPAN has been proposed. Multipurpose capability, scalability, and ease of deployability are the main features of the proposed system. Its architecture reflects the highest degree of flexibility and allows for a variety of use cases encountered in practical scenarios. In addition, a web interface has been developed as part of the comprehensive system architecture. This interface enables efficient management of the entire system and facilitates connection for new users and seamless integration of additional sensors. By encapsulating complex functions in a user-friendly interface, the system promotes accessibility, convenience, and an enhanced user experience. The proposed system overcomes the limitations of current approaches, thereby creating new opportunities. The flexibility of the proposed system allows it to be applied to various use cases.