Effects of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobait-based alloy coatings deposited by plasma transferred arc process

Cobalt-based alloys with different Y2O3 contents were deposited on Q235A-carbon steel using plasma transferred arc （PTA） welding machine. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of the cobait-based alloys were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that a cobalt-based solid solution with a face-centered cubic crystal structure was presented accompanied by the secondary phase M7C3 with a hexagonal crystal structure in the Y2O3-free cobalt-based alloy coating. Several stacking faults exist in the cobalt-based solid solution. The addition of Y2O3 leads to the existence of the Y2O3 phase in the Y2O3-modified coatings. Though stacking fault exists in the Y2O3-modified coatings, its density increases. The addition of Y2O3 can refine the microstructure and can increase the wear resistance properties when its contents are less than or equal to 0.8 wt.%. However, further increase of its contents will lead to the agglomeration of undissolved Y2O3 particles at the γ-Co grain boundary, and will lead to a coarse microstructure and lower wear resistance properties.     

电容器用铌粉和钽粉制备技术的进展

综述了铌粉和钽粉的现行生产工艺及几种新的还原方法，介绍了金属热还原反应中的电化学反应机理。钽粉的现行生产工艺几乎都用亨特法，铌粉则大部分采用铝热还原法生产。通过对亨特法还原条件、稀释剂组成等各种工艺参数的改进，已经可以制备纯度高、形态可控的金属钽粉。铌粉新还原方法的研究主要包括金属预成形热还原法、镁等蒸气还原预成形氧化物粉末的方法、镁或钠的蒸气还原氯化物蒸气的气相还原法、以液氨为介质在低温液相中均相还原铌或钽的氯化物的方法、反应媒介熔盐在强搅拌条件下的液体镁热还原金属氧化物的方法等。     

超低碳含铜时效钢抗裂性研究

采用理论计算、热影响区最高硬度试验和小铁研试验方法研究了超低碳含铜时效钢的抗裂性。结果表明，与强度级别相同的12Ni3CrMoV钢相比，超低碳含铜时效钢具有更为优异的焊接性能，其热影响区淬硬倾向较小，在-5℃～0℃以及低于4000Pa绝对湿度下不预热焊接能够获得良好的焊接性能。     

稳恒磁场下Ni-W合金镀膜的制备与耐蚀性

研究了施加稳恒磁场(0~1 T)对电镀Ni-W合金的影响。测定不同方向、不同强度稳恒磁场下的电流效率、合金组成及镀层的耐蚀性,并用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对镀层的微观形貌及结构进行了观察和分析。对实验结果进行了分析讨论,找出稳恒磁场对这些性能指标的影响规律。结果表明:与不施加磁场相比,施加磁场后镀层的表面更均匀、细致、平整;镀层的含钨量上升:当B⊥J,B=1.0 T时,含钨量上升了约7%;当B∥J,B=1.0 T时,含钨量上升了约9%;镀膜的非晶化程度增强;镀膜的耐蚀性提高;但Ni-W合金电镀的电流效率降低。     

脉冲关断时间对电刷镀Ni/CNTs复合镀层组织及性能的影响*

采用脉冲电刷镀的方法,制备了镍/碳纳米管（Ni/CNTs）复合镀层.运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱分析仪（EDS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、球盘式磨损试验机、显微硬度计等分析与测试方法,研究了脉冲关断时间对Ni/CNT复合镀层的表面形貌、孔隙率、CNTs含量、显微硬度和耐磨性等的影响.结果表明：在直流电源下,由于导电性和准一维性碳纳米管的共沉积,复合镀层表面粗糙,孔隙率高.采用脉冲电源后,当脉冲关断时间增加至1 900μs时,复合镀层的表面平整度增加、孔隙率减小为1%、硬度增加为605 HV、磨损重量减小1/3.     

Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Arc-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings

Different posttreatment methods, such as heat treatment, mechanical processing, sealing, etc., are known to be capable to improve microstructure and exploitation properties of thermal spray coatings. In this work, a plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminum coatings obtained by arc spraying on aluminum and carbon steel substrates is carried out. Microstructure and properties of oxidized layers formed on sprayed coating as well as on bulk material are investigated. Oxidation is performed in electrolyte containing KOH and liquid glass under different process parameters. It is shown that thick uniform oxidized layers can be formed on arc-sprayed aluminum coatings as well as on solid material. Distribution of alloying elements and phase composition of obtained layers are investigated. A significant improvement of wear resistance of treated layers in two types of abrasive wear conditions is observed. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

用天然石英粉制备氮氧化硅粉末

以天然石英粉为原料，先进行活化预处理，然后在１３５０℃左右进行碳热还原氮化，制备了氮氧化硅粉末。实验结果表明：氮化过程中ＳｉＯ２的转化率及产物中氮氧化硅（Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ）的含量与ＳｉＯ２的活化程度、氮化温度及添加剂等因素有关，其中氮化温度以１３５０℃为佳；随着ＳｉＯ２活化程度的提高，其转化率也提高；添加少量的ＳｒＯ，可以进一步提高ＳｉＯ２的转化率。此外，还分析了ＳｉＯＣＮ系统中气体分压对Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ形成的影响。     

定向凝固技术的发展与应用

定向凝固技术可使材料凝固组织按特定方向排列，获得定向及单晶组织结构，从而大大改善材料的力学和物理性能。综述了传统定向凝固技术的发展，对几种新型定向凝固技术以及连续定向凝固技术进行了评述。从定向凝固技术的演化过程看，是温度梯度不断提高，冷却速度不断加快的过程。介绍了定向凝固技术在材料制备中的应用。     

TiAl合金激光表面原位TiC颗粒增强涂层及高温抗氧化性能

以高纯石墨粉和C Nb混合粉末为原料,对Ti-46Al-2Cr-1．5Nb-1V合金进行了激光表面合金化处理,对激光改性层的显微组织以及成分进行了观察与分析,并对该合金原始组织及经C和C Nb激光表面改性层的高温抗氧化性能进行了对比分析研究。结果表明,C和C Nb激光表面合金化处理后,在合金表面均“原位”形成了TiC颗粒,Nb以固溶原子形式存在于表面改性层中,TiC颗粒的大小,形态及分布强烈取决于激光工艺参数;激光表面处理后的合金的抗氧化性能明显高于未经激光处理的铸态组织,而且在石墨粉中掺杂Nb粉,处理后的合金具有最佳的抗氧化性能。     

PEMFC不锈钢双极板表面改性用Cr-C薄膜的成分设计与制备

目的根据质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell,PEMFC)不锈钢双极板的表面镀膜改性要求,探索改性薄膜成分对性能的影响规律,并提供一种行之有效的薄膜成分设计方法。方法首先应用团簇加连接原子结构模型,结合电子轨道饱和原则,理论上设计出Cr-C二元材料体系的最佳团簇式和最佳成分,再利用电弧离子镀技术在316L不锈钢双极板上制备出一系列不同成分的CrxC1-x薄膜,对薄膜的成分、结构及性能进行表征和分析。结果设计所得Cr-C材料体系的最佳团簇式为[Cr-C4]CrC3,对应的最佳原子比成分为Cr0.22C0.78。所制备的CrxC1-x薄膜的成分系数x在0.05~0.23之间变化,薄膜的导电性和耐蚀性能随着成分x的增加,呈明显增加趋势。其中Cr0.23C0.77薄膜的综合性能最好:在1.2MPa压紧力下,接触电阻为2.8 mΩ·cm^2;在模拟腐蚀环境下,腐蚀电流密度仅为9.1×10-2μA/cm^2。该性能已优于美国能源部DOE的标准指标要求。结论Cr-C改性薄膜的成分对导电性能和耐蚀性能有着重要的影响。由于实验制备的性能最佳的薄膜成分Cr0.23C0.77与基于团簇加连接原子模型设计薄膜的最佳成分Cr0.22C0.78基本相同,从而证实了依据此模型进行双极板改性薄膜成分设计是行之有效的。