人工神经网络技术在电工产品可靠性实验中的应用(理论部分)

本文简要介绍了人工神经网络，BP神经网络的结构、训练和学习规则以及人工神经网络非线性时间序列预测的应用概况。     

可靠性技术在继电器控制中的应用

本文以可靠性技术,针对继电器在使用时主要失效模式触点失效故障进行分析,从触点材料、控制负载、抑制触点电弧,并对触点在常用环境下不合理使用等问题一并进行了较详细的阐述。     

伺服驱动器可靠性强化试验技术研究

本文结合伺服驱动器应用环境,设计可靠性强化试验方案,采用不同应力类型用于激发伺服驱动器的故障模式和故障机理,查找产品应力极限,通过伺服驱动器试验验证,本文提出的强化试验方案可以充分暴露产品薄弱点,为设计改进提供依据,同时为行业其它产品可靠性评估提供参考。     

基于主动学习Kriging模型的地下管线抗震可靠度分析

为提升地下承插式接口铸铁管线抗震可靠度的计算效率,提出基于主动学习Kriging代理模型的Monte Carlo模拟方法(AK-MCS)进行地下管线抗震可靠度计算。采用梁单元模拟管线结构,均布弹簧反映管土相互作用,接口弹簧模拟邻接管道约束作用,建立了地下管线地震响应分析模型;考虑管线接口允许位移、管线埋深、土体容重和内摩擦角等模型参数随机性的影响,以管线接口位移量为安全准则,采用主动学习Kriging模型方法建立管线接口位移响应与随机变量参数关系的代理模型,从而获得管线接口安全状态。算例结果表明,AK-MCS法计算得到的管线失效概率与传统Monte Carlo模拟计算的结果相对误差在5%以内,且AK-MCS法计算时间约为传统Monte Carlo模拟计算时间的2%。因此在进行管线可靠度计算时,主动学习Kriging代理模型方法具有准确性与高效性。     

场效应晶体管弧焊逆变器可靠性研究

本文讨论了功率MOSFET晶体管弧焊逆变器的工作可靠性及其影响因素，并指出了弧焊逆变器设计中应注意的问题。     

基于网络模型的软/硬件可靠性分析*

提出了一种以软件环境中硬件可靠性分析的可靠性计算方法,从而使系统的可靠性计算更精确.最后给出了提高系统可靠性的策略与方法.     

Coordinated Recovery of Middleware Services:A Framework and Experiments

Being the most popular runtime infrastructure for distributed systems, middleware can be viewed as a collection of common services. Since the development, deployment and maintenance of distributed systems rely largely on middleware services, the failure of middleware services puts a significant impact on the reliability and availability of the whole system. Though recovery-based fault tolerance is an effective way to improve the reliability of middleware services, it is far away from practice mainly because of the high complexity and cost of the recovery of correlated failures between interdependent services. In this paper,a framework for detecting and recovering the correlated failures of middleware services in an automated way is presented. First, the problem is investigated from two perspectives, i.e.,analyzing the role and impact of middleware services and illustrating a set of correlated failures in J2EE standard services as motivating examples. Then, a general coordinated recovery model is constructed with the elements necessary and su±cient for detecting and recovering correlated failures in middleware services. The supporting framework is demonstrated on three J2EE application servers, i.e., PKUAS, JBoss and JOnAS, one by one without fundamental modifications. Finally, based on the three enhanced application servers, many cases on J2EE common services, including the transaction service, database service, naming and directory service, security service and messaging service, are studied. The experiment results show the effectiveness and applicability of the framework presented in this paper.     

3D C/SiC复合材料在复杂环境试验中性能演变的两重性

用减压化学气相浸渗法(LPCVI)制备2组3D C/SiC复合材料,其中一组具有不同厚度的PyC界面层,另一组PyC界面层厚度一定,但经过热处理.对C/SiC复合材料在复杂环境中性能演变的两重性,即确定性和随机性进行了研究.结果表明,残余强度及其波动性对评价材料的环境适应性和可靠性是必需的.界面层和涂层是对氧化环境最敏感的微结构控制单元.以敏感度排序,3种环境参数依次是温度、气氛和应力.气氛参数的排序是氧气、水和盐,应力参数的排序是疲劳/蠕变,蠕变和疲劳.应力通过增加涂层裂纹及宽度从而加速复合材料的性能演变.氧化物薄膜有利于涂层裂纹封填,水能促进这种封填,然而疲劳/蠕变应力会使涂层裂纹封填失效.因此包括有氧气、水、疲劳和蠕变的环境是所有环境中最恶劣的.为了使复合材料具有自适应性,PyC的厚度应为最优,以提高热处理的效果;需保持适中的涂层氧化速率,以提高近表面抗氧化性.而适中的氧化速率是由温度和氧化气体分压来控制的.     

波纹管在氨、甲醇冷凝器中的应用

从换热和力学方面分析了以波纹管为换热元件的管壳式冷凝器在氨、甲醇冷凝器中的应用特点，总结了使用效果；对波纹管在氨、甲醇冷凝器中使用的可靠性进行了论证。     

A review of the use of human factors classification frameworks that identify causal factors for adverse events in the hospital setting

Various human factors classification frameworks have been used to identified causal factors for clinical adverse events. A systematic review was conducted to identify human factors classification frameworks that identified the causal factors (including human error) of adverse events in a hospital setting. Six electronic databases were searched, identifying 1997 articles and 38 of these met inclusion criteria. Most studies included causal contributing factors as well as error and error type, but the nature of coding varied considerably between studies. The ability of human factors classification frameworks to provide information on specific causal factors for an adverse event enables the focus of preventive attention on areas where improvements are most needed. This review highlighted some areas needing considerable improvement in order to meet this need, including better definition of terms, more emphasis on assessing reliability of coding and greater sophistication in analysis of results of the classification.

Practitioner Summary: Human factors classification frameworks can be used to identify causal factors of clinical adverse events. However, this review suggests that existing frameworks are diverse, limited in their identification of the context of human error and have poor reliability when used by different individuals.