Inter-rater reliability of a video-analysis method measuring low-back load in a field situation

Valid and reliable low-back load assessment tools that can be used in field situations are needed for epidemiologic studies and for ergonomic practice. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability of a low-back load video-analysis method in a field setting.     

Application of Unavailability Analysis Method to Determining Periodic Test Procedure of Emergency Core Cooling System

The test interval and the test procedure are the main factors that are related to the reliability of the emergency core cooling system in a nuclear power plant. A method is proposed to specify the allowable ranges of the test intervals for the minimal cut sets in the emergency core cooling system; lower and upper limits of test intervals are selected to minimize unavailability and to assure the unavailability goal respectively. A method is also proposed to determine test procedure. All patterns of test procedure for the emergency core cooling system are generated in the allowable ranges of test intervals, and the test procedure is selected to maximize the index {minus log. of (unavailability over unavailability goal), all devided by man-hours} for the purpose of both reliability increase and man-hours decrease.     

FORMULATIONS OF RELIABILITY-ORIENTED OPTIMIZATION

Modern first-order and second-order reliability methods are reviewed with respect to optimization of structural systems with reliability as either a constraint or as the objective. It is demonstrated that these reliability methods by themselves involve non-linear mathematical programming provided that an adequate formulation of the reliability problem is possible. The methods described are particularly suited for highly reliable structures, and also produce gradient information as a side result so that efficient optimization methods can be applied. The concepts are illustrated by a simple example.     

MML方法在航空航天系统可靠性分析中的应用

修正的极大似然估计法是一种基于经典估计理论系统的可靠性分析方法中较优的算法。主要介绍MML方法及其在航空航天系统可靠性分析中的应用。     

Measuring people intensively.

An overview is provided of measures that are administered repeatedly in daily life. Variations of this methodology have been referred to as ecological momentary assessment, diary methods, daily process measures, and most broadly as intensive repeated measures in naturalistic settings (IRM-NS). Contrasts are drawn between IRM-NS methods on the basis of different sampling strategies, such as time-contingent recording, signal-contingent recording, and event-contingent recording. Common threats to the internal validity, construct validity, and external validity of IRM-NS measures are reviewed, along with ways to reduce these threats. The statistical analysis of IRM-NS data is considered, with a particular focus on the investigation of intraindividual variability. An extended example is provided of an IRM-NS measure, an event-contingent recording method for the assessment of interpersonal behaviour. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

电动阀综合测控仪的研究与设计

介绍了电动阀综合自动测控系统的软硬件组成、主要功能及其技术特点.该系统实现了传感器多路信息融合的高速高精度采集、多路输出控制功能,并通过传感器实现步进电机自动闭环和开环等调控模式.试验表明,该系统满足实际需要,具有很好的可靠性和实时性.     

关于语言测试现代化的思考

通过分析语言测试的作用以及当前语言测试所存在的问题，主要讨化了如何实现语言测试的现代化这个问题，并从语言测试手段、测试标准、语言教师、宏观组织管理和评分系统等方面着手，探讨了如何实现语言测试的现代化。     

An optimization method for learning statistical classifiers in structural reliability

Monte Carlo simulation is a general and robust method for structural reliability analysis, affected by the serious efficiency problem consisting in the need of computing the limit state function a very large number of times. In order to reduce this computational effort the use of several kinds of solver surrogates has been proposed in the recent past. Proposals include the Response Surface Method (RSM), Neural Networks (NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and several other methods developed in the burgeoning field of Statistical Learning (SL). Many of these techniques can be employed either for function approximation (regression approach) or for pattern recognition (classification approach). This paper concerns the use of these devices for discriminating samples into safe and failure classes using the classification approach, because it constitutes the core of Monte Carlo simulation as applied to reliability analysis as such. Due to the flexibility of most SL methods, a critical step in their use is the generation of the learning population, as it affects the generalization capacity of the surrogate. To this end it is first demonstrated that the optimal population from the information viewpoint lies around in the vicinity of the limit state function. Next, an optimization method assuring a small as well as highly informative learning population is proposed on this basis. It consists in generating a small initial quasi-random population using Sobol sequence for triggering a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) performed over an iteration-dependent cost function defined in terms of the limit state function. The method is evaluated using SVM classifiers, but it can be readily applied also to other statistical classification techniques because the distinctive feature of the SVM, i.e. the margin band, is not actively used in the algorithm. The results show that the method yields results for the probability of failure that are in very close agreement with Monte Carlo simulation performed on the original limit state function and requiring a small number of learning samples.     

桐柏抽水蓄能机组可靠性分析

阐述了桐柏抽水蓄能电站四台机组投入商业运行伊始各种机组启动不成功的原因和解决方法,通过系统的对可靠性的总结,分析,对设备进行各项技术改造和加强设备缺陷处理流程后,之后的年度可靠性指标都稳定地达到或高于行业标准.