军事代表制度改革研究

为适应市场经济体制下装备采购内外部环境的变化,提高军事代表工作效率和装备采购效益,介绍了美军军事代表制度,分析了我军现行军事代表制度存在的主要问题及产生原因;借鉴美军军事代表工作的具体做法,提出了军事代表制度改革建议,为军事代表制度改革提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

Training for the job: evaluation of a self-defence training programme for correctional officers

Abstract

We investigated to what extent correctional officers were able to apply skills from their self-defence training in reality-based scenarios. Performance of nine self-defence skills were tested in different scenarios at three moments: before starting the self-defence training programme (Pre-test), halfway through (Post-test 1), and after (Post-test 2). Repeated measures analyses showed that performance on skills improved after the self-defence training. For each skill, however, there was a considerable number of correctional officers (range 4–73%) that showed insufficient performance on Post-test 2, indicating that after training they were not able to properly apply their skills in reality-based scenarios. Reality-based scenarios may be used to achieve fidelity in assessment of self-defence skills of correctional officers.

Practitioner summary: Self-defence training for correctional officers must be representative for the work field. By including reality-based scenarios in assessment, this study determined that correctional officers were not able to properly apply their learned skills in realistic contexts. Reality-based scenarios seem fit to detect discrepancies between training and the work field.

Abbreviations: DJI: Dutch National Agency for Correctional Insitutes; ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient     

Multi‐scale modelling of the tensile behavior of lithium ion battery cellulose separator

As a satisfactory green material for a lithium ion battery separator, cellulose possesses better wettability and superior thermal and chemical stability compared to commercial polyolefin separators. The macroscopic mechanical properties of the separator are determined by structural parameters on different dimensional scales. In this paper, a two‐scale modelling method is proposed for a cellulose separator. At micro‐scale, a single fiber structural model was established with a cross‐sectional profile extracted through image processing, combined with the fiber helix angle. At meso‐scale, a representative volumetric element model and a two‐dimensional random fibrous model for the fibrous network of the cellulose separator were developed. The elastic modulus in the machining direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD) of the two models were calculated by finite element simulation and compared with experimental data. The results show that the elastic modulus of the models is slightly larger than that from experiments. Compared to experiments, the relative errors in the MD and TD of the representative volumetric element model are 2.80% and 6.78%, respectively. The relative errors in the MD and TD of the two‐dimensional random fibrous model are 6.70% and 8.47%, respectively. Consequently, multi‐scale modelling is proven to have considerable value in investigating the properties of fibrous materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of Lamellar Direction in Pearlitic Steel Wire on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution

During cold drawing of pearlitic steel wire,the lamellar structure becomes gradually aligned with the draw-ing axis,which contributes to the ultra-high strength.A direct simulation about the mechanical behaviors and micro-structural evolution of pearlitic lamellae was presented.A representative volume element (RVE)containing one pearlitic colony was established based on the real transmission electron microscope (TEM)observation.The deform-ation of pearlitic colony during tension,shear and wire drawing were successfully simulated.The numerical results show that this metallographic texture leads to a strong anisotropy.The colony has higher yielding stress when the la-mellar direction is parallel and perpendicular to the tensile direction.The lamellar evolution is strongly dependent on the initial direction and deformation mode.The formation of typical period shear bands is analyzed.In the wire draw-ing,the pearlitic colony at the sub-surface experiences a complex strain path:rotation,stretching along the die sur-face,and rotation back.     

探索建筑采光的优化设计之道

文章阐述了一种建筑采光设计方法，重点强调了在地域性光气候条件下的采光分析以及利用参数化模型进行采光方案的比对，以上过程保证了优化方案的获得。文中以位于广州市的某给定的建筑项目为例探讨了建筑侧窗遮阳构件可能给室内采光带来的改善，设计过程可概括为：以优化的自然光环境的优化为目标，利用参数化模型技术对于方案进行了高效的择优，最终得出了兼顾遮阳效果的采光设计方案。基于课题组前提的研究成果，文章涉及的采光模拟工作均在可反映广州地区地域性光气候特征的典型天空亮度模型（CSRS）的基础上进行。     

Photobleaching with phloxine B sensitizer to reduce food matrix interference for detection of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in fresh spinach by flow cytometry

A flow cytometric method (RAPID-B™) with detection sensitivity of one viable cell of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was developed and evaluated. The major impediment to achieving this performance was mistaking autofluorescing spinach particles for tagged target cells. Following a 5 h non-selective enrichment, artificially inoculated samples were photobleached, using phloxine B as a photosensitizer. Samples were centrifuged at high speed to concentrate target cells, then gradient centrifuged to separate them from matrix debris. In external laboratory experiments, RAPID-B and the reference method both correctly detected E. coli O157:H7 at inoculations of ca. 15 cells. In a follow-up study, after 4 cell inoculations of positives and 6 h enrichment, RAPID-B correctly identified 92% of 25 samples. The RAPID-B method limit of detection (LOD) was one cell in 25 g. It proved superior to the reference method (which incorporated real time-PCR, selective enrichment, and culture plating elements) in accuracy and speed.     

Is the ability of politicians to act as representatives between elections hampered in systems inspired by NPM?

In this article, I explore and analyse how the application of systems inspired by New (Normal) Public Management affects the capacity of politicians to act on behalf of the people. The aim is to acquire new knowledge about how output-based financial and performance measurement systems affect the form and content of deliberative processes between elections. The analysis is based on an extensive empirical process, both backwards and forwards in time, tracing analysis of a critical event that occurred within education policy in a Swedish municipality. One main hypothesis generated is that NPM-inspired systems have a negative effect on deliberations between elections in ways that generate lock-in effects that hamper the ability of politicians to act as representatives between elections.     

一个钢筋混凝土损伤塑性本构模型及工程应用

以ABAQUS大型程序为平台,采用应变协调假设和强度等效假设,给出了一个描述钢筋混凝土材料与结构损伤塑性分析的本构模型。这里的钢筋强化特性是通过定义强化了的拉伸塑性应力-应变曲线来实现的。模型中的钢筋不再以独立的金属材料形式出现,而是被等效钢筋混凝土代表体元模型包含进去了,用拉伸应力-应变曲线峰值后区的硬化-软化强度曲线直接定义强化功能。这个模型着重对ABAQUS软件中给出的损伤塑性模型的拉伸强化-软化阶段的特性进行了完善。采用试件受单向拉伸和简支梁受集中力载荷两个简单算例说明了模型的有效性。最后该研究将这个模型用于一个受地表堆积载荷、土压力和地下水压力联合作用下的钢筋混凝土墙体结构的ABAQUS有限元损伤塑性数值分析中。     

1998～2004年全国雷电灾害事故统计

随着社会的信息化,雷电灾害体现了与以往不同的特点。针对我国一直缺乏全国范围内雷害统计分析的现状,依据1998~2004年全国雷电灾害事故不完全统计数据,分析了事故总体情况、变化趋势和雷灾的地域性分布,并进行了事故的分类统计与比较。研究结果表明,雷害事故呈现逐年增加的趋势;每百万人因雷击死亡的为0.3,与美国80年代的统计数据0.34相近;华南沿海地区雷灾事故频繁,占我国总事故的42%,而其中又以广东与福建省事故最多。总结发现,事故的新特点是受灾行业扩大,事故损失增加。