Multidisciplinary optimization of gas-quenching process

Distortion as a result of the quenching process is predominantly due to the thermal gradient and phase transformations within the component. Compared with traditional liquid quenching, the thermal boundary conditions during gas quenching are relatively simple to control. By adjusting the gas-quenching furnace pressure, the flow speed, or the spray nozzle configuration, the heat-transfer coefficients can be designed in terms of both the component geometry and the quenching time. The purpose of this research is to apply the optimization methodology to design the gas-quenching process. The design objective is to minimize the distortion caused by quenching. Constraints on the average surface hardness, and its distribution and residual stress are imposed. The heat-transfer coefficients are used as design variables. DEFORM-HT is used to predict material response during quenching. The response surface method is used to obtain the analytical models of the objective function and constraints in terms of the design variables. Once the response surfaces of the objective and constraints are obtained, they are used to search for the optimum heat-transfer coefficients. This process is then used instead of the finite-element analysis. A one-gear blank case study is used to demonstrate the optimization scheme.     

弹簧表层优化喷丸残余应力场的工程计算方法

以往多是依靠疲劳试验或经验来选择弹簧的喷丸强化工艺参数，这种传统作法不仅人力和物力耗费大，而且所确定的工艺参数也不一定具有最佳的强化效果。依据作者提出的并已获得试验验证的“内部疲劳极限理论”，提出一种通过工程计算获得达到预先规定疲劳强度应具备的“优化残余应力场”。这样便有可能把喷丸强化工艺技术在制造业中的应用由以往单纯依靠试验和经验而步入到以工程计算为基础与少量典型试验相结合的更科学的途径。     

Creep-induced local lattice parameter changes in a monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy

The γ-γ lattice mismatch of specimens of the monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy SRR 99 has been measured by a high-resolution X-ray diffraction technique for the undeformed state and after high-tem-perature creep deformation. During creep deformation beyond the minimum creep rate (total strain =0.5%), the lattice mismatches, measured in and perpendicular to the [001] stress axis, respectively, un-dergo changes in opposite directions. This reflects the buildup of a complex deformation-induced triaxial state of internal stress in the phases y and γ. The overall resolved shear stresses that act in γ and y due to the combined action of the external and internal stresses are estimated, and the conditions under which cutting of the γ phase by dislocations should occur are discussed.     

浸渗工艺对SiC/Al复合材料残余气孔率的影响

采用无压浸渗法制备了SiC/Al复合材料,从浸渗动力学和工艺方法的角度探讨了浸渗保温时间和降温方式对复合材料的残余气孔率的影响。结果表明:随着保温时间的适当延长,能有效地降低复合材料的残余气孔率;连续降温优于分段降温,有利于降低SiC/Al复合材料的残余气孔率。     

碳氮共渗提高空心圆柱滚子轴承寿命的研究

通过GCr15钢碳氮共渗,在表层获得大量的残余奥氏体。磨损中,马氏体组织剥落,残余奥氏体则成小岛状,进而在表面迁移发生形变诱发马氏体相变,使耐磨性得以提高。同时,共渗在空心滚子内表面造成的压应力对改善弯曲疲劳性能有利。     

Effect of additives on formation of natural gas hydrate

The formation of natural gas hydrate (NGH) is studied in this work. Kinetics data of hydrate formation with no agitation were collected at various concentrations of the aqueous solutions with different additives such as alkylpolyglucside, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and potassium oxalate monohydrate. Various kinds of additive increased the formation rates of NGH and its storage capacity and reduced the induction time of NGH formation. Moreover, the storage capacity, the induction time and the hydrate formation rate were influenced by the concentration of the aqueous solution.     

墩头超长实用堰泄洪安全分析及模型试验验证——以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例

以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例,论述了将WES实用堰的闸墩墩头向上游超长延伸之后,对泄洪安全所造成的影响。针对WES实用堰流量系数、堰面动水压力容易受边界因子影响的特点,对设计断面的堰顶布置和墩头形状进行了优化。根据堰面空化数计算公式及水流特性推导出计算的关键部位,对空化数进行计算。采用几何比尺为1∶60的物理模型对溢流堰的泄流能力和堰面动水压力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明:溢流堰的模型试验泄流能力和设计泄流能力非常相近。堰面动水压力除工况2的B4测点出现了-1.2 k Pa的微小负压值外,其余堰面时均压强值均大于0。从而,在泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面都验证了这种设计方案的合理性。该工程所遇到的结构布置问题在中低溢流坝工程中属常见问题,解决思路可为今后类似工程建设借鉴参考。     

我国化肥催化剂工业现状

全国48家化肥催化剂制造厂总能力为57Kt/a,产量近30kt/a,设备利用率不到50%。平均万吨氨耗催化剂10.36t,高于国外5.60t水平。现生产31个品种203个型号的催化剂中有103种经部级鉴定,但经常使用的约50种。目前化肥催化剂工业水平与国外相比还存在四方面差距。     

随机环境下带有私人信息的单机能力分配策略

本文研究随机环境下考虑私人信息的单机能力分配问题.该问题中各部门的单位产品收益、需求信息及加工设备各时段的能力为私人信息,且各时段中产品的加工时间为随机变量.本文采用设备方与各部门协商的方法对问题进行求解,首先利用随机规划理论将能力分配问题清晰化,然后利用拉格朗日松弛和泰勒级数展开方法进行协商机制设计,接着给出基于偏转次梯度方法的协商参数更新法则,最后综合上述过程给出最终的问题求解算法.数值算例验证了算法的有效性并分析了关键参数对能力分配结果的影响.     

飞机碱性电瓶充放电参数测量仪的设计与研究

电瓶是民航飞机可靠供电的最后保证。飞机制造厂家提高了对电瓶的性能和容量检测要求,传统的电瓶充放电装置已经无法满足新的要求。利用单片机技术研制的飞机电瓶参数测试仪,实现了对电瓶各种参数的实时侧量和分析,为飞机电瓶维护和检测提供依据。