THERMOGRAPHIC ASPECT ON LOADING A THIN-WALL PRESSURE VESSEL STEEL

The infrared emission of a high pressure vessel steel and two thin wall pressure vessel modelshave been investigated by use of vibro-thermography.The experimental infrared cracklengths were found to be agreed closely with the optical values during fatigue process.A possi-ble nondestructive testing method used to evaluate the pressure vessel has been given.     

奥氏体化温度及冷却方式对20Mn2SiVB钢组织及性能的影响

通过各种试验手段,研究了20Mn2SiVB钢不同奥氏体化温度及不同冷却方式处理后其显微组织及其强度和塑性的变化,确定了最佳的热处理工艺。结果表明:900℃奥氏体化后风冷时钢的强塑性最好;在强塑性最佳时的微观组织是铁素体+粒状贝氏体。     

纳米晶软磁薄膜Fe-Ti-N的结构、磁学性能和热稳定性研究

在高溅射功率900W下用RF磁控溅射方法制备了厚为630－780nm的e-Ti-N薄膜。结果表明：当膜成分（原子分数，％，下同）在Fe-3.9Ti-8.8N和Fe-3.3Ti-13.5N范围内，薄膜由α′和Ti2N沉淀组成，磁化强度4πMs超过纯铁，最高可达2.38T；而矫顽力Hc下降为89A／m，可以满足针对1.55Gb/cm^2高存储密度的GMR／感应式复合读写磁头中写入磁头的需要，N原子进入α-Fe使α′具有高饱和磁化强度；Ti的加入，阻止α′→α γ′的分解，稳定了强铁磁性相α′，是Fe-Ti-N具有高饱和磁化强度的原因。由于由晶粒度引起的对Hc的影响程度Hc^D与晶粒度D有以下关系：Hc^D∝D^6，晶粒度控制非常重要。N原子进入α-Fe点阵的八面体间隙，引起极大的畸变，使晶粒碎化。提高溅射功率也使晶粒度下降。两者共同作用，能使晶粒度下降到约14nm，使Hc下降。晶界是择优沉淀地点，在α′晶界上沉淀Ti2N能起钉扎作用，阻止晶界迁移，使纳米晶α′不能长大。薄膜的结构和Hc的稳定温度不低于520℃。     

非枝晶铝合金A356感应加热组织演变规律

研究了非枝晶A356铝合金在感应加热时的组织演变。结果表明，在低于共晶温度时，初生α相缓慢合并长大，少部分的Si自身凝聚粗化，并随着保温时间的延长，颗粒进一步粗化，但粗化速度非常缓慢；在高于共晶温度时，初生相α—Al晶粒长大较快，大部分的Si集聚粗化，且长大速度比较快。当保温温度和保温时间增加时，晶粒明显长大，但圆整度变化不大，所以当坯料达到预定温度时，保温时间不宜过长。     

TWO KINDS OF VARIANT IN SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL

In shape memory materials,that have been trained to have a two way shape memory effect(TWSM),themartensitic variants are classified into two groups,i.e.,preferentially oriented variants and self-accommodatingvariants.Applied stress may promote or constrain the transition of preferentially oriented variants and so changetransformation temperatures but has no essential effect on self-accommodating variants.According to the pointof view mentioned above,some experimental phenomena during thermocycling of a TWSM device may be ex-plained,such as the absence of synchronization between the plot of resistance change.temperature and the plotof memory strain vs.temperature.     

型内感应加热铝-钢双金属复合界面的研究

双金属复合铸件外圈采用铸造铝合金，内圈选取碳素结构钢，采用型内感应加热工艺进行复合。造型时内层钢套预先放置在砂型中，复合时将包含有钢套的砂型整体放人到感应圈内采用中频感应原理对钢套进行预热，达到预定温度后浇注并继续进行加热，复合层将基体钢套包覆后停止加热。所得到的双金属复合铸件结合界面为完全冶金结合，复合层组织为连续分布FeAl3与Fe2Al5中间化合物，界面结合强度为76．4MPa。     

Vogel—Fulcher定律与玻璃转变温度的关系

通过在不同加热速度，不同坩埚材料和不同样品质量条件下测定Ｉｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ等元素的熔点，校正了加热速度对差示扫描量热仪显示温度的影响。根据对仪器温度校正的结果，研究了Ｎｉ３３Ｚｒ６７，Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７．５Ｎｉ１０Ｃｕ１５Ｃｏ２．５，Ｐｔ６９．０Ｎｉ９．６Ｐ２１．４，聚醚砜和聚苯乙烯等材料的玻璃转变的动力学特征。     

Casting/mold thermal contact heat transfer during solidification of Al-Cu-Si alloy (LM 21) plates in thick and thin molds

Heat flow at the casting/mold interface was assessed and studied during solidification of Al-Cu-Si (LM 21) alloy in preheated cast iron molds of two different thicknesses, coated with graphite and alumina based dressings. The casting and the mold were instrumented with thermocouples connected to a computer controlled temperature data acquisition system. The thermal history at nodal locations in the mold and casting obtained during experimentation was used to estimate the heat flux by solving the one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem. The cooling rate and solidification time were measured using the computer-aided cooling curve analysis data. The estimated heat flux transients showed a peak due to the formation of a stable solid shell, which has a higher thermal conductivity compared with the liquid metal in contact with the mold wall prior to the occurrence of the peak. The high values of heat flux transients obtained with thin molds were attributed to mold distortion due to thermal stresses. For thin molds, assumption of Newtonian heating yielded reliable interfacial heat transfer coefficients as compared with one-dimensional inverse modeling. The time of occurrence of peak heat flux increased with a decrease in the mold wall thickness and increase in the casting thickness.     

轧钢加热炉节能技术现状和展望（二）

在介绍我国轧钢加热炉的现状及节能工作发展的基础上，着重介绍了用于加热炉的一批成熟、行之有效的节能技术，如炉型改造、燃烧技术、烟气余热回收、炉料热送热装等；并对今后如何抓好轧钢加热炉的节能工作提出建议。     

45钢轴在高温盐浴炉中快速加热淬火

大尺寸45钢轴类零件在高温盐溶炉实施快速加热淬火，通过控制加热时间或工件出炉温度可以获得60HRC的高硬度和一定的淬硬层深度。