煤化工大跃进下的绿色变身猜想

分析了煤化工(煤制油)和风电产业面临的问题,提出了转换角度看待煤化工发展中的制约,把二氧化碳捕集、风电制氢和逆水煤气变换反应相结合,提出煤化工绿色变身的发展思路。     

Self‐healing polymeric materials towards non‐structural recovery of functional properties

Self‐healing of polymers and polymer composites initially represented a process capable of autonomic restoration of mechanical strength upon cracking of the materials, but it is moving into the area of restoration of functionality. This mini‐review is focused on recent efforts to develop functional polymers with built‐in stimuli‐responsive ability to heal for recovery of their specific physical or chemical properties. Molecular design and synthesis, compounding and assembly of organic and inorganic species, inherent reversibility, etc., are summarized. It is hoped that much more interest will be aroused in this emerging and promising frontier topic. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evolution and recovery of original total organic carbon for carbonate source rocks with different total organic carbon in the Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,China

Source rocks generate and expel hydrocarbon with thermal evolution, which lead to a decrease of total organic carbon (TOC) content. A new quantitative model for original total organic carbon (TOC_o) content evolution and recovery was proposed, and then was used to the carbonate source rocks with different TOCs (CSRDTOC) in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin, China. Studies showed that the higher the TOC of source rocks, the bigger the range of TOC reduction and recovery coefficient. When vitrinite reflectance (VR) is equal to 2.5%, recovery coefficients of TOC_o = 0.2%, 0.4%, and 1.0% are 1.43, 1.66, and 2.01, respectively. It must restore TOC_o when we evaluate source rocks at the stage of high overmaturity and predict oil and gas resources.     

Understanding phosphorus phases in sewage sludge ashes: A wet-process investigation coupled with automated mineralogy analysis

Phosphorus (P) recovery from SSA (sewage sludge ashes) is highly relevant to address future P-shortages. Efficient recycling strategies require an in-depth knowledge of P-phases present. These may be subject to changes during treatment. Treatment was simulated, initial and treated material studied using automated mineralogy. Automated mineralogy, using the MLA system, is an established tool in ore processing evaluation and adapted here to examine P-phases in SSA. Coupling SSA treatment for P-recovery routines with MLA investigations allows for documenting phase compositions during chemical and thermochemical processes. Behaviour of P-phases during treatment and type of SSA govern P-recycling capacity. Findings lend additional insight to the identification of SSA types.Two different P-recovery routines have been investigated. Target phase groups (phosphates) have successfully been digested. Understanding phosphate setup in terms of composition, particle sizes and phase association is vital for an efficient P-extraction from SSA. P-recovery is not straightforward, but rather a series of steps in order to address different P-phase types. SSA is a complex secondary resource, which needs to be understood prior to P-extraction.     

Cellular/dendritic transition,dendritic growth and microhardness in directionally solidified monophasic Sn-2%Sb alloy

Horizontal directional solidification experiments were carried out with a monophasic Sn-2%Sb (mass fraction) alloy to analyze the influence of solidification thermal parameters on the morphology and length scale of the microstructure. Continuous temperature measurements were made during solidification at different positions along the length of the casting and these temperature data were used to determine solidification thermal parameters, including the growth rate (V_L) and the cooling rate (T_R). High cooling rate cells and dendrites are shown to characterize the microstructure in different regions of the casting, with a reverse dendrite-to-cell transition occurring for T_R>5.0 K/s. Cellular (l_c) and primary dendrite arm spacings (l₁) are determined along the length of the directionally-solidified casting. Experimental growth laws relating l_c and l₁ to V_L and T_R are proposed, and a comparative analysis with results from a vertical upward directional solidification experiment is carried out. The influence of morphology and length scale of the microstructure on microhardness is also analyzed.     

Comparison study on different ITM‐integrated MCFC hybrid systems with CO2 recovery using sweep gas

Previous study shows the ITM (oxygen ion transfer membrane)‐integrated MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cell) hybrid system with CO₂ recovery can maintain high efficiency; however, the oxygen partial pressure on the ITM permeate side is usually 1 atm, which requires a very high pressure ratio of the ITM air compressor in order to separate the oxygen; using the sweep gas can solve this problem. In this paper the ITM‐integrated MCFC hybrid systems with CO₂ recovery using different sweep gases are studied. With the Aspen plus software, two systems with different sweep gases are established, and their performances are compared with the benchmark system without sweep gas; the effects of key parameters on the optimum system performance are also investigated. Results show that compared with the benchmark system, the efficiencies of the systems with sweep gases are increased and the pressure ratios of the air compressors are decreased; the system using pure CO₂ as sweep gas can improve the system efficiency by 1.25%, which is superior to the system using the mixture gas of CO₂ and H₂O as sweep gas. Achievements from this paper will provide a valuable reference for CO₂ recovery from the MCFC hybrid power system with lower energy consumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.