Evidence for behavioural thermoregulation by the world's largest fish

Many fishes make frequent ascents to surface waters and often show prolonged surface swimming following descents to deep water. This affinity for the surface is thought to be related to the recovery of body heat lost at depth. We tested this hypothesis using data from time–depth recorders deployed on four whale sharks (Rhincodon typus). We summarized vertical movements into bouts of dives and classified these into three main types, using cluster analysis. In addition to day and night ‘bounce’ dives where sharks rapidly descended and ascended, we found a third type: single deep (mean: 340 m), long (mean: 169 min) dives, occurring in daytime with extremely long post-dive surface durations (mean: 146 min). Only sharks that were not constrained by shallow bathymetry performed these dives. We found a negative relationship between the mean surface duration of dives in the bout and the mean minimum temperature of dives in the bout that is consistent with the hypothesis that thermoregulation was a major factor driving use of the surface. The relationship broke down when sharks were diving in mean minimum temperatures around 25°C, suggesting that warmer waters did not incur a large metabolic cost for diving and that other factors may also influence surface use.     

Charge Migration in Organic Materials: Can Propagating Charges Affect the Key Physical Quantities Controlling Their Motion?

Charge migration is a ubiquitous phenomenon with profound implications throughout many areas of chemistry, physics, biology, and materials science. The long-term vision of designing functional materials with tailored molecular-scale properties has triggered an increasing quest to identify prototypical systems where truly molecular conduction pathways play a fundamental role. Such pathways can be formed due to the molecular organization of various organic materials and are widely used to discuss electronic properties at the nanometer scale. Here, we present a computational methodology to study charge propagation in organic molecular stacks at nano and sub-nanoscales and exploit this methodology to demonstrate that moving charge carriers strongly affect the values of the physical quantities controlling their motion. The approach is also expected to find broad application in the field of charge migration in soft matter systems.     

Preparation and properties of novel pH‐sensitive core−shell microspheres for enhanced oil recovery

A novel pH‐sensitive core?shell microsphere was synthesized by growing sodium acrylate as a shell on crosslinked polyacrylamide particles as the core by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The structures and characteristics of the microspheres were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, SEM, transmission electron microscopy and AFM. The viscosity and size of the microspheres in response to changes in pH value were also investigated. As a kind of potential profile control and flooding agent, the performances of permeability reduction and enhanced oil recovery were studied in designed experiments. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

我国高纯生铁的生产和应用情况

介绍了当今铸铁件的发展趋势及对其性能的要求,认为生产优质铸件的基础条件是采用高纯生铁。详细阐述了我国高纯生铁的生产历程和生产方法,对比国内外高纯生铁的指标数据,指出我国高纯生铁生产技术已经成熟,可媲美国外同类产品。     

基本装药铜座与保护帽脱落故障分析及工艺改进

常规弹药是现代战争中不可缺少的武器装备之一,随着国际形势的不断变化和国内外市场的接轨,常规弹药的研制与生产不断创新且更新换代,对弹药的使用安全性及毁伤性要求越来越严格。本文以案例为切入点,分别从理论与实际工艺操作中,分析了基本装药铜座与保护帽脱落的原因,提出了改进措施,通过各种验证试验,有效地消除了基本装药铜座与保护帽脱落带来的安全技术隐患;同时,为对发射装药类产品的研制与工艺设计提供了基础数据。     

成庄矿洗选厂斜轮自动放矸装置的改造应用

针对成庄矿洗选厂原斜轮分选机放矸系统的设计缺陷及运行中存在的问题,如工人劳动强度大、系统运行方式不合理、技术相对落后等,通过对斜轮分选机放矸装置进行技术改造,形成了完善的自动放矸系统。该系统改造主要包括:放矸阀门自动关联互锁控制、介质高效回收、矸石自动排放等,实现了斜轮分选机的定时自动放矸。经过使用验证,此项革新解决了斜轮分选机的放矸问题,年经济效益达到800万元以上,并有效降低了工人的劳动强度。     

Mechanism of anomalous recovery in advanced SiGe bipolar transistors after low dose rate irradiation for very high total doses

The possible physical mechanism of the anomalous recovery effect in SiGe bipolar transistors is described. The qualitative analysis of saturated oxide trapped charge and interface trap densities at very high total doses as a function of dose rate affords an explain of decreasing excess base current and increasing current gain during further low dose rate irradiation.