电子产品可靠性设计与成本控制

介绍了可靠性设计过程涉及的质量控制成本的解决方法，通过对最有可能影响可靠性的电路设计、元器件选用等方面的分析，介绍了在降低可靠性设计成本的基础下更好地解决可靠性问题的一些方法。     

试论降低成本的设计技术

一个新产品的功能和成本水平基本上已在产品设计阶段就确定了。研究降低成本的设计技术就是为了给设计师提供一套行之有效的降低和优化成本的辅助设计工具。降低成本设计的技术内涵是与设计过程并行的成本估算、知识基系统的建立和质量及成本的综合优化。论述了各国对此项技术研究应用的状况、技术分析、发展特点和研究前沿的项目及内容 ,如对此技术研究应用的迫切性、对降低成本的最佳时机和产品的全成本概念等的探讨和认识 ;对成本扩展到产品寿命全周期、对目标成本控制法和成本优化设计等的研究和应用。     

招标工程量清单与工程造价控制

合理确定招标工程量清单是有效实施工程造价事前控制的重要环节。通过对一些工程的招标工程量清单暴露出来的问题进行分析 ,阐述了招标工程量清单的合理性对有效实施工程造价事前控制的重要作用 ;合理确定招标工程量清单 ,关键是要以工程的质量和造价控制目标为出发点 ,在遵循一般项目划分习惯的同时 ,密切结合工程实际以及合同条款的要求 ,进行具体分析     

Epidemiology of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Mexico.

Prevalence rates of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were estimated from a probability sample of 2,509 adults from 4 cities in Mexico. PTSD was assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI; WHO, 1997). Lifetime prevalence of exposure and PTSD were 76% and 11.2%, respectively. Risk for PTSD was highest in Oaxaca (the poorest city), persons of lower socioeconomic status, and women. Conditional risk for PTSD was highest following sexual violence, but nonsexual violence and traumatic bereavement had greater overall impact because of their frequency. Of lifetime cases, 62% became chronic; only 42% received medical or professional care. The research demonstrates the importance of expanding the epidemiologic research base on trauma to include developing countries around the world. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

从业主角度如何对工程造价进行管理与控制

从业主的角度说明了对工程全过程的工程造价进行管理与控制,有效地降低成本,提高投资收益。     

基于Vague集的鱼雷研制阶段年度投资分配模型

鱼雷的研制费用在鱼雷整个寿命周期费用中所占比系不大，但研制阶段决定了鱼雷寿命周期费用的绝大部分，闪此对鱼雷研制费用的研究可供鱼雷武器管理和决策者作经费计划综合平衡时参考。文章基于Vague集，提出了Vague集模糊熵的构造方法，进而提出了运用Vague集模糊熵进行鱼雷研制阶段年度投资强度分配的新模型。实例表明，该方法具有实用价值。     

应用PIMS选油模型实施进口原油优化选购

应用AspenTech公司PIMS软件，模拟炼油企业生产经营过程，综合考虑原油成本、产品价格以及长岭分公司炼油厂加工流程特点和产品质量等要求，建立了适用于该厂的原油选购模型。利用该模型对该企业2002年第三季度进口原油品种进行优化选择，对综合效益好的原油实施采购。实际生产数据表明，该模型比较准确。     

锌电积的节电探讨

分析厂影响锌电积电能消耗的因素，提出了锌电积的节电对策与展望。     

Power sector development in India with CO2 emission targets: Effects of regional grid integration and the role of clean technologies

The power sector in India at present comprises of five separate regional electricity grids having practically no integrated operation in between them. This study analyses the utility planning, environmental and economical effects of integrated power sector development at the national level in which the regional electric grids are developed and operated as one integrated system. It also examines the effects of selected CO₂ emission reduction targets in the power sector and the role of renewable power generation technologies in India. The study shows that the integrated development and operation of the power system at the national level would reduce the total cost including fuel cost by 4912 million $, total capacity addition by 2784 MW, while the emission of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x would be reduced by 231.6 (1.9%), 0.8 (0.9%), 0.4 (1.2%) million tons, respectively, during the planning horizon. Furthermore, the study shows that the expected unserved energy, one of the indices of generation system reliability, would decrease to 26 GWh under integrated national power system from 5158 GWh. As different levels of CO₂ emission reduction targets were imposed, there is a switching of generation from conventional coal plants to gas fired plants, clean coal technologies and nuclear based plants. As a result the capacity expansion cost has increased. It was found that wind power plant is most attractive and economical in the Indian perspective among the renewable options considered (Solar, wind and biomass). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.