风电—抽水蓄能联合日运行优化调度模型

基于日前负荷预测和风电出力预测,研究了风电—抽水蓄能联合日运行的优化方法,提出了电网消纳风电出力的新模式。以风电—抽水蓄能联合运行的效益最大化为目标,考虑抽水蓄能机组的启停限制和发电—抽水工况转换限制,以二次约束表征机组启停约束和抽水蓄能电站运行工况约束,建立了含全天96个时段的混合整数规划模型,并采用商业优化软件求解。基于实际抽水蓄能电站参数设计了算例系统。测试结果表明,抽水蓄能电站与风电场配合可大大降低风电出力随机性对电网运行的负面影响,经济和社会效益显著。     

微砂沉淀技术在海水处理中的应用

微砂沉淀技术是在常规水处理沉淀技术基础上发展起来的新一代高效水处理技术,采用了投加微砂及回流技术,具有工艺灵活可靠、适应性强、耐冲击负荷能力强以及出水水质好等特点。结合该技术在宁海电厂海水处理的实际应用情况,介绍了该工艺的主要特点。     

Polyoxometalate@ZIF-67 derived carbon-based catalyst for efficient electrochemical overall seawater splitting and oxygen reduction

Electrochemical water splitting, metal-air batteries and fuel cells are the representatives of energy storage/conversion technology, which can solve the shortage of traditional fossil energy and environmental issues. However, under neutral conditions, especially in natural seawater, there is still a lack of catalysts with efficient catalytic activity and stability, which hinders the development of hydrogen production. We herein designed a facile strategy to fabricate an efficient and stable multifunctional carbon-based electrocatalyst, PMA@ZIF-67-C-AT, by carbonization and acid treatment of H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀@ZIF-67 precursor. It not only performs good catalytic activity for oxygen evolution in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and actual seawater, but also exhibits hydrogen evolution overpotential of 650 mV (j = 3 mA/cm²) in PBS and even as low as 570 mV (j = 10 mA/cm²) in seawater. Besides, it also displays excellent catalytic performance for oxygen reduction (E_1/2 at 0.83 V and the Tafel slope of 63 mV/dec). By investigating the composition and morphology of the materials, it was found that acid treatment changed the active components and carbon matrix of the catalysts, thus affecting the catalytic performance.     

浅谈抽水蓄能电站水工监测管理要点

近几年抽水蓄能电站逐步建设起来，在对其进行技术服务时，发现一些共性的水工监测管理问题，不利于水工建筑物监测分析。目前几乎没有参考文献对此进行总结，本文结合水工监测技术管理经验和电站的实际情况，提出一些管理要点建议。     

Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in Seawater: New Halotolerant Yeast Strains for the Regio- and Stereoselectivity Reduction of 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-Dione in Saline-Rich Media

The application of green chemistry concepts in catalysis has considerably increased in recent years, and the interest in using sustainable solvents in the chemical industry is growing. One of the recent proposals to fall in line with this is to employ seawater as a solvent in biocatalytic processes. This involves selecting halotolerant strains capable of carrying out chemical conversions in the presence of the salt concentrations found in this solution. Recent studies by our group have revealed the interest in using strains belonging to Debaryomyces and Schwanniomyces for catalytic processes run in this medium. In the present work, we select other yeasts based on their halotolerance to widen the scope of this strategy. We consider them for the monoreduction of 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione, a well-characterized reaction that produces acyloin intermediates of pharmaceutical interest. The results obtained herein indicate that using seawater as a solvent for this reaction is possible. The best ones were obtained for Saccharomyces cerevisiae FY86 and Kluyveromyces marxianus, for which acyloins with different stereochemistry were obtained with good to excellent enantiomeric excess.     

Influence of the availability of calcium on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) in seawater-mixed C3A–gypsum system

This work examined the effects of seawater (SW) on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) in C₃A–gypsum and C₃A–gypsum–Ca(OH)₂ systems through the characterization of hydration heat release, the evolution of aqueous phase composition and hydration products with the hydration time. It was found that SW increased the dissolution driving force of C₃A and solubility of gypsum, which accelerated the early hydration of C₃A and the formation of ettringite (AFt), leading to a higher hydration degree of C₃A at an early age compared with the deionized (DI) water–mixed pastes. After gypsum depletion to form AFt, and in the absence of Ca(OH)₂, the formation of chloroaluminate hydrates was slower due to the insufficient Ca resulted in an accumulation of Al in solution. This would delay the subsequent transformation of AFt to monosulfate (SO₄–AFm) and the formation of hydrogarnet (C₃AH₆), which would further reduce the hydration degree of the C₃A at the later ages. However, in the presence of Ca(OH)₂, the hydration degree of C₃A–gypsum–Ca(OH)₂ at later ages was increased, which was similar to that of the corresponding DI pastes. This can be inferred that the amount of Ca available in SW-mixed cement concrete can affect the hydration degree of C₃A in cement.     

海水试压原油储罐内壁起泡分析

以海水试压的原油罐为例,分析了海水试压对油罐内壁涂层的影响。提出了对钢板表面进行盐分测试等预防措施。     

Global optimality of RO seawater desalination networks with permeate reprocessing and recycle

In conjunction with the optimality of single-stage reverse osmosis (SRO) system, this work addresses the economic competence of prominent seawater desalination reverse osmosis systems with permeate reprocessing and recycle using differential evolution as global optimization tool. The optimization approach refers to nonlinear programming formulation consisting of mass balances and design specifications as equality constraints and other design specifications as inequality constraints. Further, MATLAB optimization toolbox-based analysis was conducted to compare the obtained solutions with deterministic optimization methods. Among all considered alternatives such as two stages reverse osmosis (TRO) series arrangement with retentate reprocessing and permeate recycle (TRO-TSRR-PR), SRO, TRO series arrangement with permeate bypass and permeate reprocessing and TRO with permeate reprocessing series arrangement processes, TRO-TSRR-RP process configuration has been evaluated to competitive with the SRO process with an optimal cost of 0.9527$/m³ obtained with DE-SQP. While the SRO remains the simplest cost-effective system in terms of topological complexity, the TRO-TSRR-PR process has been evaluated to be 5.75% better than the optimal freshwater production cost of SRO process reported in the literature with an optimal decision variable set values [68.51 bar, 7688, 5881.7 m³/h, 259.8 ppm, 2422, 322.9 m³/h and 1764.9 ppm] for [P₁^F, NM₁, W_RO^RF, C₁^RP, NM₂, W₂^RP, C₂^RP].