采用离散元法分析路面结构的疲劳特征

为了在考虑疲劳损伤和恢复性能的基础上,获取路面结构在重复荷载作用下的疲劳特征,采用离散元方法建立了路面结构模型,并分析了在正弦重复荷载作用下路面结构沥青层底部的受力特性.由于路面荷载的随机性,分别以荷载大小、荷载间歇时间、荷载作用次序为考察对象,分析其对路面结构沥青层底受力特征的影响.研究结果表明:随着周期荷载作用次数的增大,沥青层底部拉应力快速增大至某一基础值,并在此基础值附近呈周期性波动,拉应变则在以一定幅值波动的同时,呈现整体水平先急剧增大后缓慢增大的规律;延长荷载作用的间歇时间,虽然一定程度上增大了拉应力和拉应变的波动幅值,但却显著降低了沥青层底拉应力和拉应变的整体水平;不同的荷载作用次序在沥青层底引起的应力应变状态不同,从小至大序列的荷载对沥青层造成的损伤明显小于从大至小序列的荷载.     

双洞口配筋砌块砌体框支墙梁试验

为研究双洞口配筋砌块砌体框支墙梁地震前后的受力模式,在拟动力子试验前后进行了底层框架配筋砌块短肢砌体剪力墙结构三层足尺模型的竖向力静载试验.试验结果表明:托梁与上部墙体表现出良好的协同工作能力,其工作模式为拉杆拱.通过对其在拟动力试验前后的受力模式进行了比较,可知带洞口配筋砌块砌体框支墙梁结构体系在墙体受到一定损伤时,并不会使墙梁的受力机理发生明显改变.     

大内跨小边跨框架结构预应力筋优化布置方法

预应力筋的优化布置是大内跨小边跨的多跨预应力混凝土框架结构合理设计计算的关键.为满足控制截面承载力最大的需要,以往常将大跨所需预应力筋布置为连续曲线,并按水平直线延伸通过其相邻的两小跨,按这种布置方式仅使大跨内产生竖向向上的预应力等效荷载,可较好平衡大跨的竖向外荷载;而若将大跨及相邻的两小跨统一考虑,预应力筋按连续曲线布置,张拉产生的预应力等效荷载不但可有效平衡大跨的竖向外荷载而且也可平衡小跨的竖向外荷载,可以使荷载平衡得到优化实现.以一典型工程为例,分析了在相同条件下两种预应力筋布置过程中张拉引起的综合弯矩、主弯矩和次弯矩的分布和量值上差异,比较了两类布筋形式对正截面承载力计算结果的影响,验证了对大内跨小边跨框架结构统一考虑后整体上按三段连续正反抛物线预应力筋布置的合理性.     

Limit load and shakedown analysis of plastic structures under stochastic uncertainty

Problems from plastic analysis are based on the convex, linear or linearised yield/strength condition and the linear equilibrium equation for the stress (state) vector. In practice one has to take into account stochastic variations of several model parameters. Hence, in order to get robust maximum load factors, the structural analysis problem with random parameters must be replaced by an appropriate deterministic substitute problem. A direct approach is proposed based on the primary costs for missing carrying capacity and the recourse costs (e.g. costs for repair, compensation for weakness within the structure, damage, failure, etc.). Based on the mechanical survival conditions of plasticity theory, a quadratic error/loss criterion is developed. The minimum recourse costs can be determined then by solving an optimisation problem having a quadratic objective function and linear constraints. For each vector a(·) of model parameters and each design vector x, one obtains then an explicit representation of the “best” internal load distribution F^∗. Moreover, also the expected recourse costs can be determined explicitly. Consequently, an explicit stochastic nonlinear program results for finding a robust maximal load factor μ^∗. The analytical properties and possible solution procedures are discussed.     

多源信息处理的实时集群计算机应用平台的实现

本文针对集群计算机系统实现的关键技术,重点分析了基于以太网的网络传输速率和操作系统实时性实现的特征,实现了国内首个基于动态任务分配表机制的多源信息处理的实时集群计算机系统应用平台;介绍了将该平台应用于测控系统的成功范例;证明了该系统的有效性。     

短期负荷预测Volterra滤波器模型

讨论依据相空间邻近轨道演化相似性的特点构造训练模式,建立短期负荷预测Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ滤波器模型的问题．以距离相似度和趋势相似度来衡量电力负荷吸引子轨道的相似度,提出了电力负荷吸引子邻近轨道判别的新方法．从模型训练充分性的角度出发,探讨了模型训练集规模的选择依据．仿真结果表明该模型是有效的．     

Reliability analysis on systems with self-healing and self-repairing under different environments and shock models

Inspired by the process of self-healing of biological damage, high technology materials with self-healing and self-repairing mechanisms have been developed for high reliability and long lifetime. Therefore, the reliability modeling on intelligent systems with healing performance has become a research hotspot. Based on the diversity of healing mechanisms, this paper proposes a two-phase reliability model method on self-healing and self-repairing systems. Impacts of environments, shock loads, self-healing, and self-repairing mechanisms are taken into account in this novel model. Besides, system lifetime and some reliability indexes under two shock models are derived, respectively. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the accuracy of reliability under two models. Finally, an engineering case of metallized film capacitor is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed models by comparing numerical results and simulation results.     

Models to predict the deformation modulus and the coefficient of subgrade reaction for earth filling structures

Determination of deformation modulus and coefficient of subgrade reaction of soils have major importance, whether the projects are in design, and construction or compaction assessment stage of earth filling structures. Plate load test is one of the frequently used method to directly determine the parameters but the method is both costly and time consuming. For this reason, this paper is concerned with the applications of artificial neural networks (ANN) and simple-multiple regression analysis to predict deformation modulus and coefficient of subgrade reaction of compacted soils from compaction parameters (such as maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC), field dry density (FDD), and field moisture content (FMC)). Regression analysis and artificial neural network estimation indicated that there are acceptable correlations between deformation modulus and coefficient of subgrade reaction and these parameters. Artificial neural networks model exhibits higher performance than traditional statistical model for predicting deformation modulus and coefficient of subgrade reaction.     

Interface feature prioritization for web services: Case of online flight reservations

Acceptance, utility, and usability of system designs have become a focal interest in human–computer interaction (HCI) research, yet at present there is a lack detailed understandings of which system design features influence them. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of five product design features; customization, adaptive behavior, memory load, content density, and speed on user preference through an experimental study by using conjoint analysis. In experimental study, instead of classical conjoint cards, prototypes were generated for products. Besides, desirability and market segments of product prototypes were identified. In line with the results, among the five product design features, speed is the most and customization is the least important features that affect user preference. Contrary to the expectations, customization has a relatively small importance value in this research. Subsequent design features that influence user preference after speed are minimal memory load, adaptive behavior, and content density, respectively. According to findings, interfaces that have high-speed, minimal memory load, adaptive behavior, low content density, and customization features are more preferable than those that do not.     

基于入度调整的结构化P2P网络拥塞控制算法

针对结构化对等网络中存在的由查询负载不均衡所导致的拥塞问题,提出一种基于动态入度调整的拥塞控制算法。算法根据节点查询负载的情况,动态判定出可能存在的热点,并将热点周围的节点组织起来,通过调整每个节点入连接的数量对负载进行调整。为了克服节点处理能力的异构性,算法将热点组中的节点进一步划分为多个能力组,并在能力组内和组间分别进行调整。模拟结果表明,该算法在处理突发流量的过程中可以有效地减少查询失败的次数,降低拥塞产生的影响。