Citations do not solve problems.

D. T. Cambell and D. W. Fiske (1959) made the now-obvious statement that measures of the same variable made by different methods should agree (converge) and certainly should agree better than measures of different variables made by those several methods. Almost everyone accepted that statement, yet the multitrait–multimethod matrices published today show little or no improvement over the published examples cited in 1959. The article raised the conceptual problem of how a variable and its measurement should be linked and the methodological problem of clarifying the nature of methods and their effects. Given these unresolved problems, it is perhaps not surprising that the question of the appropriate statistical analysis of these matrices has also no consensual answer. Perhaps methods and traits or contents are so thoroughly intertwined that their interaction cannot be adequately analyzed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Overview of Tiber-II—Evolution toward an Engineering Test Reactor

TIBER II is designed to be a minimum size and cost candidate for an international Engineering Test Reactor. High-current density Nb₃Sn superconducting magnets with radiation-tolerant polymide insulation is combined with a minimum thickness tungsten inbored shield and a common, external vacuum boundary to minimize the inner radial build of the tokamak core. This results in a major radius of 3 m, compared to 5 m for previous ETR designs such as INTOR, with correspondingly lower costs expected. Cyclic stress fatigue limits the number of pulses so that steady-state current drive, based on a combination of neutral beams, lower hybrid and ECH, is designed to achieve reactor-relevant nuclear testing conditions (Fluence 3MW yr/m², rwall > 1 MW/m² in steady state).This report is abstracted from a more complete information document UCID-20863 with numerous authors. See Ref. l for complete credits.     

涡流检测技术在宝钢热轧轧辊上的应用

介绍了轧辊涡流检测仪的工作要求、设备组成和使用方法,指出对轧辊进行涡流检测可防止爆辊,减少轧辊磨削量。     

变频开关电源Fuzzy-PID控制器的设计

针对感应式变频开关电源在对金属材料进行热处理过程中，负载的等效参数和谐振频率发生变化，而变频电源的输出频率不能及时调整和跟踪的问题，结合PID和Fuzzy控制技术的优点，设计Fuzzy-PID控制器对变频电源进行控制，在大偏差时用Fuzzy控制，在小偏差时用PID调节。Fuzzy-PID控制器以单片机8098为核心，采用SPWM专用芯片SA4828，实现变频开关电源的电压、电流双闭环控制，使变频电源不仅具有较快的动态响应、更小的超调，并且具有较高的稳态精度和频率跟踪控制特性。     

智能投币机在城市公交上使用的改进分析

通过鱼骨图的方法对现有智能公交投币机存在识别率偏低的问题进行了分析,提出在智能投币机中采用闭式五角叶轮或增加硬币预处理部分,对现有的智能公交投币机进行改进,使智能公交投币机的硬币辨识率得到提高.     

Spatial and functional relationships between air conduits and blood capillaries in the pulmonary gas exchange tissue of adult and developing chickens

The documented data regarding the three-dimensional structure of the air capillaries (ACs), the ultimate sites of gas exchange in the avian lung is contradictory. Further, the mode of gas exchange, described as cross-current has not been clearly elucidated. We studied the temporal and spatial arrangement of the terminal air conduits of the chicken lung and their relationship with the blood capillaries (BCs) in embryos as well as the definitive architecture in adults. Several visualization techniques that included corrosion casting, light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used. Two to six infundibulae extend from each atrium and give rise to numerous ACs that spread centrifugally. Majority of the ACs are tubular structures that give off branches, which anastomose with their neighboring cognates. Some ACs have globular shapes and a few are blind-ending tapering tubes. During inauguration, the luminal aspects of the ACs are characterized by numerous microvillus-like microplicae, which are formed during the complex processes of cell attenuation and canalization of the ACs. The parabronchial exchange BCs, initially inaugurated as disorganized meshworks, are reoriented via pillar formation to lie predominantly orthogonal to the long axes of the ACs. The remodeling of the retiform meshworks by intussusceptive angiogenesis essentially accomplishes a cross-current system at the gas exchange interface in the adults, where BCs form ring-like patterns around the ACs, thus establishing a cross-current system. Our findings clarify the mode of gas exchange in the parabronchial mantle and illuminate the basis for the functional efficiency of the avian lung.     

漏电保护器投运难题的解决方案

分析剩余电流动作保护装置的常见故障,编制常见故障排查口袋书,采取简单易懂、能按图索骥的快速查找方法,破解剩余电流动作保护装置投运难题.     

A method for diagnosis of current faults in antenna arrays using neural networks

A method for detection of faulty elements in antenna arrays from far‐field radiation pattern is presented. The proposed technique finds variation of current from correct values in the faulty elements. A step wise approach is proposed to determine magnitude and phase of current excitation and location of faulty element using neural networks. The results with radial basis function neural network and probabilistic neural network are compared. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

Effects of Hall current and two temperatures in transversely isotropic magnetothermoelastic with and without energy dissipation due to ramp-type heat

The present article is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in a homogeneous transversely isotropic thermoelastic rotating medium with two temperatures, in the presence of the combined effects of Hall currents and magnetic field. The formulation is applied to the thermoelasticity theories developed by Green-Naghdi theories of type-II and type-III. Laplace and Fourier transform techniques are applied to solve the problem. The analytical expressions of displacements, stress components, temperature change, and current density components are obtained in the transformed domain. A numerical inversion technique has been applied to obtain the results in the physical domain. Numerical simulated results are depicted graphically to show the effect of Hall current and two temperatures on resulting quantities. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation.     

Towards inverse modeling of turbidity currents: The inverse lock-exchange problem

A new approach is introduced for turbidite modeling, leveraging the potential of computational fluid dynamics methods to simulate the flow processes that led to turbidite formation. The practical use of numerical flow simulation for the purpose of turbidite modeling so far is hindered by the need to specify parameters and initial flow conditions that are a priori unknown. The present study proposes a method to determine optimal simulation parameters via an automated optimization process. An iterative procedure matches deposit predictions from successive flow simulations against available localized reference data, as in practice may be obtained from well logs, and aims at convergence towards the best-fit scenario. The final result is a prediction of the entire deposit thickness and local grain size distribution. The optimization strategy is based on a derivative-free, surrogate-based technique. Direct numerical simulations are performed to compute the flow dynamics. A proof of concept is successfully conducted for the simple test case of a two-dimensional lock-exchange turbidity current. The optimization approach is demonstrated to accurately retrieve the initial conditions used in a reference calculation.