Improved Method to Calculate a Water Poverty Index at Local Scale

The Water Poverty Index (WPI) was created as an interdisciplinary indicator to assess water stress and scarcity, linking physical estimates of water availability with the socioeconomic drivers of poverty. This index has found great relevance in policy making as an effective water management tool, particularly in resources allocation and prioritization processes. Two conceptual weaknesses exist in the current index: (1) inadequate technique to combine available data and (2) poor statistical properties of the resulting composite. The purpose of this paper is to propose a suitable methodology to assess water poverty that overcomes these weaknesses. To this end, a number of combinations to create the WPI have been considered, based on indicators selection criteria, simple aggregation functions and multivariate analysis. The approach adopted has been designed for universal application at local scale. To exemplify the utilization of each alternative method, they have been piloted and implemented in the Turkana District (Kenya) as a case study. The paper concludes that the weighted multiplicative function is the most appropriate aggregation method for estimation of water poverty. It is least eclipsing and ambiguous free function, and it does not allow compensability among different variables of the index.     

Inventory-shortage driven optimisation for product configuration variation

Inventory control is a critical problem in manufacturing systems. Inventory shortage significantly affects system productivity, while excessive stocks increase the operation cost. It is difficult to avoid fully inventory shortage under mass customisation manufacturing based on product configuration. In this paper, we propose a new approach for inventory-shortage driven optimisation of dynamic product configuration variation to meet the requirements of product configuration change and find suitable combination of parts by considering cost, lead-time and inventory variation. The multi-objective optimisation model uses a multi-objective genetic algorithm and adds impact cost, lead-time and inventory factors to the normal configuration optimisation model. An industrial case study demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach. By means of this research, valid solutions for configuration variation are available to the decision makers.     

钻孔桩施工中相关问题的处理措施

对钻孔桩的特点及应用情况作了简单介绍,并就钻孔桩施工中钻孔、水下混凝土灌注、灌注成桩后各环节出现的问题及质量缺陷作了分析,并给出相应的处理方法,对提高钻孔桩施工质量、推广钻孔桩基础应用有重要意义。     

发电机组真空泵叶片断裂分析

针对某电厂1号机组1A真空泵运行期间叶片断裂现象,通过力学性能试验、化学成分分析及金相组织检查,认为焊后热处理温度处于奥氏体不锈钢"敏化"温度区间,导致晶界"贫铬",产生晶间腐蚀,是导致叶片断裂的原因,并提出在修复过程中可采取的处理措施.     

三相交流异步电动机缺相运行的逻辑检测及保护

本文分析了目前社会上流行的电动机缺相检测及保护方法的局限性。提出对由于供电变压器二次侧或一次侧某相熔断器熔断或线路断线造成的电动机缺相运行所用逻辑电路进行检测及保护方法。     

区域水资源短缺风险的SPA—VFS评价模型

基于集对分析原理,选取区域水资源短缺风险程度的风险率、脆弱性、可恢复性、重现期和风险度为评价指标,建立了基于集对分析-可变模糊集的区域水资源短缺风险评价模型.湖北漳河灌区实例结果表明,灌区水资源短缺风险均处于较低风险水平,预测结果与灌区现状的开发利用程度、缺水量相符,该模型具有一定的可操作性和实用性,并为区域水资源规划和管理提供决策依据.     

可变模糊模型在水资源短缺风险评价中的应用

针对水资源短缺风险评价中各指标具有模糊性及应用单一模型评价存在的偏面性问题,采用可变模糊评价模型进行水资源短缺风险评价可提高评价结果的可靠性,并将熵权作为客观权重与主观权重相结合确定指标综合权重。实例应用结果表明,该模型计算简便,评价结果可靠、合理。     

低温全新风系统的应用分析

简述了低温全新风系统的组成,分析了低温全新风系统在实际应用中的优势和不足,分析结果表明：与常温一次回风系统相比,低温全新风系统具有改善和稳定室内空气品质、避免病菌重复感染、保证空调系统安全性、节约风道材料、对于新风比大于等于30％的建筑可以节能、适合与冰蓄冷系统的联合应用等优点,具有过滤器易堵塞、滤料消耗多、运行管理任务繁重等缺点,低温全新风系统的应用利多弊少,应该扩大范围推广应用。     

基于启发式分段试算法的蓄水工程宽浅型优化调度

鉴于蓄水工程优化调度是解决水资源供需矛盾的有效技术手段,根据蓄水工程宽浅型优化调度模型的特点,提出了启发式分段试算法,该方法将水量平衡约束引入目标函数,构造拉格朗日辅助函数,推导出"理想"最优解;再逐步引入供水量、需水量和蓄水量等约束条件,迭代试算求解,分段逼近"理想"最优解。实例应用结果表明,启发式分段试算法与动态规划法计算结果一致,但启发式分段试算法所需计算时间不足动态规划法的1%,可见启发式分段试算法具有合理性和较高的时效性。     

试论水利事业与可持续发展战略

该文简述了可持续发展理论的由来，涵义及基本原则，认为人类开发，利用水资源应当按照可持续发展的基本原则行事；分析探讨了水资源时空分布不均和干旱灾害对我国社会经济发展的不利影响，提出了作为缓冲资源存在的环境用水问题，认为特别需要警惕那种持续时间长，干旱度大的旱灾；阐述了建设节水型农业的重要意义，提出建立水本位，引入水当量和水当值概念，并建议将其纳入国民经济统计体系，以促进节水型国民经济体系的建立和发展