双电层电容器用中微双孔活性炭的研究进展

文章介绍了中微双孔活性炭的制备方法,综述了用作双电层电容器的最新应用研究,为中微双孔活性炭在双电层电容器中的应用提供参考。     

High energy-storage density under low electric fields and improved optical transparency in novel sodium bismuth titanate-based lead-free ceramics

A novel (1-x)Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-xBaHfO₃ (abbreviated as (1-x)NBT-xBH) transparent ceramic was fabricated by the solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that NBT-based transparent ceramics exhibit a cubic-like perovskite structure and the solid solubility of BH in NBT reached to 0.15. The Landau-Devonshire theory and I-E curves revealed that the transition between the antiferroelectric like phase and the ferroelectric phase deeply relies on the variation of composition and free energy. One sample (x = 0.15) was found to show a high dielectric constant (˜2418±10%) over the temperature range 57–400 °C. These ceramics also exhibited a high discharge energy density (W_d) of 2.1 J/cm³ and a high maximum polarization P_m of 34 μC/cm² under relatively low electric fields which were less than 175 kV/cm. There was also high transparency in the visible spectra (more than 0.5) when the sample thickness was 250 μm.     

酚醛树脂为原料制备双电层电容器用电极材料的工艺研究

以酚醛树脂为原料，NaOH为活化剂制取双电层电容器用高比表面积活性炭电极材料，考察了炭化温度、活化温度、活化剂用量、活化时间等工艺参数对活性炭比电容的影响。实验结果表明，在炭化温度为600℃，活化温度为900℃，碱炭比为4，活化时间为1h的工艺条件下，制得的高比表面积活性炭比电容可达58．8F／g，用它组装成的电容器具有良好的充放电性能和循环性能，既能在大电流下快速充放电也能在小电流下缓慢充放电，但存在微孔所占比例较高引起的分散电容效应，这是大电流下放电容量有所下降的主要原因。     

新型微波介质陶瓷材料与元件的研制

报告本课题组承担的863计划项目“新型微波介质陶瓷材料与元件的研制”，在实验工作中不仅采用传统的固相反应法而且利用共沉淀和水热合成等溶液反应技术，还采用凝胶浇注成型复杂形状的微波陶瓷元件，并利用流延成型技术制备大尺寸微波集成陶瓷基板等；研制成功具有高电容率和品质因子并接近于零的谐振频率温度系数的系列化微波介质陶瓷；开发成功多种微波介质元器件，包括：介质谐振器、介质滤波器、GPS片式天线、微波电容器、通信电缆滤波接头和微波集成基板等。     

多层陶瓷电容器废料中回收银、钯工艺的研究

研究了从多层陶瓷电容器（ＭＬＣＣ）废料中回收银、钯的方法，２００目的废料用４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＮＯ３在８０℃下浸出２ｈ（液固比３），银、钯浸出率分别为９１％和９８％。用盐酸从浸出液中沉淀银，氯化银经熔炼得到９８％粗银锭，银回收率为８８％，用铁粉和丁基黄药分别从沉银母液和浸出渣洗水中置换、沉淀钯，用传统精炼钯的方法得到９９９５％Ｐｄ，钯回收率为９５％。     

导电聚合物PEDT对固体钽电解电容器频率特性的改善

介绍了采用具有高电导率(1~500 S/cm)、热稳定性好的德国拜尔公司生产的导电聚合物PEDT(聚-3,4乙烯二氧噻吩)单体,提纯后取代MnO2,在国产固体钽电容器芯子上制作PEDT阴极层的过程,降低了钽电容器的等效串联电阻,改善了钽电容器的频率特性,拓展了钽电容器的频率应用范围。     

Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Niobate, K0.2Sr0.4NbO3: A New Material for Capacitors with Flat Dielectric Curves

A new ceramic for capacitors, which exhibits flat dielectric curves with relative permittivity values (ɛ) as high as 3000 (Y7R or X7R class), has been synthesized. Use of a niobate, K_0.2Sr_0.4NbO₃ (KSN), with a tetragonal tungsten bronze structure (TTB), as a major phase for the fabrication of such ceramics is shown for the first time. Nevertheless, the addition of perovskites as minor agents—PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ (PMN)—is necessary to obtain stable temperature. Moreover, the use of lithium salts as sintering agents has been shown to be important for the fabrication of these ceramics.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ni掺杂CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷的显微组织及电性能（英文）

采用溶胶凝胶法制备掺杂不同含量NiO(CaCu3NixTi4O12+x,x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)的CCTO陶瓷,通过扫描电镜和 X 射线衍射对其显微组织和相成分进行了分析,并研究了NiO掺杂对CCTO介电和压敏性能的影响。研究结果表明:Ni对CCTO陶瓷的相位成分没有影响,与用传统固相法制得的样品相比,用溶胶-凝胶法制成的样品具有更小的晶粒尺寸。从介电测量结果来看,当 x=0.2 时,样品具有最高的介电常数和最低的介电损耗。当x=0.3时,得到最低的漏电流,最小值为 0.295,同时,具有最高的阀值电压与非线性系数,最大值分别为1326V/mm和3.1。     

All‐Cellulose‐Based Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors Enabled by Structural Hierarchy

Na‐ion hybrid capacitors consisting of battery‐type anodes and capacitor‐style cathodes are attracting increasing attention on account of the abundance of sodium‐based resources as well as the potential to bridge the gap between batteries (high energy) and supercapacitors (high power). Herein, hierarchically structured carbon materials inspired by multiscale building units of cellulose from nature are assembled with cellulose‐based gel electrolytes into Na‐ion capacitors. Nonporous hard carbon anodes are obtained through the direct thermal pyrolysis of cellulose nanocrystals. Nitrogen‐doped carbon cathodes with a coral‐like hierarchically porous architecture are prepared via hydrothermal carbonization and activation of cellulose microfibrils. The reversible charge capacity of the anode is 256.9 mAh g^?1 when operating at 0.1 A g^?1 from 0 to 1.5 V versus Na⁺/Na, and the discharge capacitance of cathodes tested within 1.5 to 4.2 V versus Na⁺/Na is 212.4 F g^?1 at 0.1 A g^?1. Utilizing Na⁺ and ClO₄^? as charge carriers, the energy density of the full Na‐ion capacitor with two asymmetric carbon electrodes can reach 181 Wh kg^?1 at 250 W kg^?1, which is one of the highest energy devices reported until now. Combined with macrocellulose‐based gel electrolytes, all‐cellulose‐based quasi‐solid‐state devices are demonstrated possessing additional advantages in terms of overall sustainability.     

CCTO掺杂对BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Co3O4陶瓷系统介电性能的影响

以BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Co3O4(BTNC)系统陶瓷为研究对象,研究了掺杂CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)对该系统陶瓷介电性能的影响.结果表明,在20～85℃温度范围内,BT系统中CC-TO掺杂量为3.0%时,体系平均介电常数>2 600,温度稳定性△C/C≤4.7%;在20～125℃温度范围内,BTNC系统中CCTO掺杂量为2.0%时,体系的平均介电常数>2 700,温度稳定性△C/C≤10%;CCTO掺杂量为4.0%时,平均介电常数>2 200,温度稳定性△C/C≤4.7%.