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141.
142.
The changes in surface composition of metallic alloys caused by segregation can be very efficiently studied by low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) due to the specific surface sensitivity of this technique. Investigations of single-crystal surfaces of ordered alloys are of particular interest because they provide the possibility to investigate the interplay between segregation effects and the order-disorder phase transition when passing through the transition temperature. Exemplifying these effects for bimetallic alloys we consider in particular the CuAu-system.For the quantitative interpretation of energy and angle resolved LEIS intensity distributions we compare experimental results with those from numerical simulations using the MARLOWE code which we extended with a detailed trajectory analysis. This allows us to apply various discrimination criteria, such as number of collisions, distance of closest approach, identification of the scattering crystal layer, total path length, etc. On this basis structural effects, ion survival probabilities and the influence of thermal vibrations can be studied.We demonstrate this potential by using CuAu(1 0 0) as a special example. The scattering potential parameters were calibrated with elemental single crystals of known structures and the anisotropic Debye temperatures taken from the literature showed good agreement, neutralization was of minor importance in this case. Our procedure could be successfully used for the quantitative analysis of the composition of the first and second layer as a function of temperature. These results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. 相似文献
143.
A. F. Kurbatskii 《High Temperature》2004,42(1):79-87
The difference in the turbulent diffusion between the active (heat) and passive (mass) scalars in a thermally stably stratified medium is investigated. The axisymmetric problem is treated on the formation of a turbulent circulation flow above a heated disk and on the turbulent diffusion of a passive scalar (impurity) from a continuous surface source in a stably stratified medium. The results indicate that the thermal stratification causes appreciable differences in the coefficients of turbulent transfer between the active (heat) and passive (mass) scalars. This means that the assumption of the identity of the coefficient of turbulent diffusion of heat and mass, employed in conventional models of turbulence, produces significant errors in estimating the heat and mass transfer in a thermally stably stratified medium. 相似文献
144.
145.
Yen-Cho ChenJ.N. Chung 《Computers & Fluids》2003,32(6):795-822
This study intends to provide an increased understanding of the laminar-turbulent transition phenomena for the buoyancy-assisted heated vertical channel flow during the early transient stage. The spectral method with weak formulation is applied in the direct numerical simulation. Initial disturbances consist of the finite-amplitude two-dimensional TS wave and a pair of three-dimensional oblique waves for the K-type disturbances. The results from the harmonic energy competitions of different wave modes show that for the buoyancy-assisted heated flow, the (kx=1, kz=1) or (1,1) and (1,0) modes would gain energy immediately and start to rise at almost the same rate. This phenomenon is different from that of the buoyancy-opposed flow, where the (1,1) mode decays slowly in the beginning until other modes gain enough energy and then it begins to grow quickly and overtakes the (1,0) mode after a short time period. These different transition patterns match with the experimental results that the flow transition is supercritical and subcritical for the buoyancy-assisted and -opposed flows, respectively. Buoyancy-assisted heated flow transition follows the general trend of an isothermal flow in the beginning, but the thermal-buoyant force is crucial in accelerating the instability and also causing notable differences during the subsequent transition process. All of the results for the vortex structures development, kinetic energy budget of the disturbances, flow visualization by tagged fluid particles, and the local temperature fluctuations are consistent in pointing to a clear pattern for the buoyancy-assisted heated flow transition. 相似文献
146.
本文介绍了直接转矩控制系统的控制原理,并针对基于直接转矩控制的异步电动机运行时存在较大的电流及转矩脉动问题,提出一种新的控制方案,并基于Matlab 6.5对这种新方法进行仿真,仿真结果表明该方案能有效的解决电流及转矩脉动的问题. 相似文献
147.
148.
Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机在宝钢的典型应用与功能开发 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
热模拟试验可研究成分与各工艺参数对组织和性能的影响,用于指导产品设计和实际生产工艺的制定,还有助于建立数学模型。文章介绍了Gleeble 3800热/力模拟试验机在宝钢实际应用中的几个典型试验,包括高温热塑性试验、多道次变形试验、冷轧薄板相转变点试验和HAZ焊接热影响区热模拟试验等。这些试验可用来解决连铸、轧钢和冷轧产品热处理生产中存在的一些问题。 相似文献
149.
Sudhir Singh Bhadauria Dr. Mahesh Chandra Gupta 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,21(3):234-239
Reports of failure of existing concrete structures due to a lack of durability, rather than a deficiency in structural strength, has made concrete technologists, engineers, and researchers focus research on the parameters influencing durability performance with respect to time. Systematic performance monitoring, with respect to chosen durability parameters of existing concrete structures, will decide the direction of future research in this area. Inferences based on laboratory simulations and testing need to be confirmed by in situ field measurements and studies. In situ condition rating and performance monitoring surveys have been conducted by many researchers, scientists, and professional associations, and reported in literature. Inferences of few such studies are summarized and discussed. Deterioration of concrete structures constructed in recent times is observed at relatively faster rates, and has been mainly attributed to cracking. Cracking is associated with the use of faster-hydrating portland cements with increased fineness and the tricalcium silicate (C3S) content to support the high speed of modern construction. In the present research, a case study of deteriorated water tank structures situated in the semitropical region of India is presented. Some selected parameters—such as concrete cover, carbonation depth, chloride concentration, compressive strength, etc. which influence long term durability of structures—have been measured. 相似文献
150.
介绍湛江东兴炼油厂的重整装置由200kt/a扩能至300kt/a中有关催化重整反应动力学模拟计算软件的应用、反应工艺技术的改造、装置标定的情况。结合装置实际情况,采用两段装填、两段混氢技术提升了装置的技术水平。标定结果表明,改造后的装置达到了预期目的。 相似文献