Modeling heterogeneity in social interaction processes using multilevel survival analysis.

More than 15 years ago, survival or hazard regression analyses were introduced to psychology (W. Gardner & W. A. Griffin, 1989; W. A. Griffin & W. Gardner, 1989) as powerful methodological tools for studying real time social interaction processes among dyads. Almost no additional published applications have appeared, although such data are commonly collected and the applicable questions are central to many important theoretical perspectives. To revisit the basic methods, the authors use an example from emotion regulation theory in which the level of child antisocial behavior is hypothesized to be positively associated with the hazard rate of angry emotions and negatively associated with sad, fearful emotions in the face of parental negative behavior (scolding). The authors discuss the limitations of traditional approaches to the analysis of social interaction and demonstrate improvements in the ability to model individual differences now available in existing software. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intentions in teasing: When "just kidding" just isn't good enough.

Teasing is ambiguous. Although the literal content of a tease is, by definition, negative, seldom do teasers intend for their tease to be taken literally. Toward this aim, teasers often attempt to mitigate the negative surface content of the tease by communicating via gesture, facial expression, or tone of voice that they are "just kidding." The research presented here suggests that such attempts often fall on deaf ears. Despite teasers' attempts to mitigate the tease, targets are often unaware of--and unmoved by--the teaser's benign intentions. As a result, teasers and targets systematically differ in their perceptions of teasing: Although it is often seen as innocent and playful by the teaser, it tends to be construed as considerably more malicious by the target. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

When inclusion costs and ostracism pays, ostracism still hurts.

Recent research indicates that ostracism is painful even in the face of mitigating circumstances. However, in all previous experiments, there have been no costs to inclusion or benefits for ostracism. If being included meant losing money and being ostracized meant retaining money, would individuals still be distressed when ostracized? In 2 studies, the authors attempted to "load the dice" against inclusion in favor of ostracism. Participants played a variant of Cyberball called ?berball (pronounced Euroball), in which ostracism and inclusion were crossed with whether the participants earned or lost money for each ball toss they received. In 2 experiments, the authors found that even when being ostracized meant retaining more money than the other players, it was painful. In Study 2, the authors also introduced conditions in which participants were overincluded. In these conditions, participants were sensitive to financial incentives. However, even then participants felt worse when given no positive attention than when given punitive attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Robert Q. Pollard.

From Robert Q. Pollard's national leadership in deafness and mental health service delivery, advocacy, research, and training and his innovative multidisciplinary mental health traineeship program exclusively for deaf individuals to his establishment of a vibrant special interest section on deafness within APA's Division of Rehabilitation Psychology, he has led the way to providing full access to the profession and to the services of the profession for deaf individuals. His commitment to and effective advancement of a psychology open to and appropriately serving deaf individuals and other persons with disabilities substantially advances psychology in the public interest and fulfills our discipline's highest aspiration: to advance human welfare. This journal discusses the life and contributions of Robert Q. Pollard which enabled him to win the Psychology in the Public Interest Award in 1994. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Language, the sexes and society.

Reviews the book, Language, the sexes and society by Philip M. Smith (1985). The book under review is topical, as it deals with gender issues and language approached from a social psychological perspective, two areas that have seen a flurry of activity in recent years. The reader is taken to the forefront of research in these areas and encounters a substantial amount of information. The book contains an extensive critical review, as well as a report of Philip Smith's own studies dealing with the recognition of masculinity-femininity of speakers by listeners. In the review section, speech forms associated with speaker sex, as studied by anthropological linguists, sociolinguists, and social psychologists are reviewed. We learn further about how women and men are represented in language (e.g., in the media, in advertisement, reference material). I would use this book as suggested reading to advanced undergraduates and graduate students. But the primary market for the book is among scholars and researchers engaged in the study of language and gender issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished scientific awards for an early career contribution to psychology: Nancy E. Cantor.

Presents the citation, biography, and selected bibliography for Nancy E. Cantor, one of the 1985 recipients of the American Psychological Association's Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology. Cantor was honored for her work in the field of personality psychology, particularly as it relates to social interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social-cognitive theory mediators of behavior change in the National Institute of Mental Health Multisite HIV Prevention Trial.

The National Institute of Mental Health Multisite HIV Prevention Trial was a trial of an intervention to reduce sexual HIV risk behaviors among 3,706 low-income at-risk men and women at 7 U.S. research sites. The intervention, based on social- cognitive theory and designed to influence behavior change by improving expected outcomes of condom use and increasing knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy to execute safer sex behaviors, was effective relative to a control condition in reducing sexual risk behavior. At 3 months after completion of the intervention, measures of these potential mediators were higher in the intervention than in the control condition. Although the effect of the intervention on sexual risk behavior was significantly reduced when the variables were controlled statistically, supporting the hypothesis of their mediation of the intervention effect, most of the effect remained unexplained, indicating the influence of unmeasured factors on outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Accounting for Subordinate Perceptions of Supervisor Power: An Identity-Dependence Model.

The authors present a model that explains how subordinates perceive the power of their supervisors and the causal mechanisms by which these perceptions translate into subordinate outcomes. Drawing on identity and resource-dependence theories, the authors propose that supervisors have power over their subordinates when they control resources needed for the subordinates' enactment and maintenance of current and desired identities. The joint effect of perceptions of supervisor power and supervisor intentions to provide such resources leads to 4 conditions ranging from highly functional to highly dysfunctional: confirmation, hope, apathy, and progressive withdrawal. Each of these conditions is associated with specific outcomes such as the quality of the supervisor-subordinate relationship, turnover, and changes in the type and centrality of various subordinate identities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

农用地征收价格评估中社会保障价格测算存在的问题与对策

本文通过文献资料法和社会调查法，对农用地社会保障价格的内涵进行分析并对其评估方法进行研究，认为《农用地估价规程》中农用地征收价格评估方法存在社会保障价格内涵不确切、保障负担对象不合理、保障对象狭义等缺陷；通过文献分析和社会调查，提出合理的农用地社会保障价格评估方法和措施，并对具体测算公式进行补充和完善。合理确定农用地社会保障负担份额与科学评估方法，有利于社会持续发展和资源合理配置。