石油污染土壤生物修复与多技术联合修复策略研究进展及工程化应用

在传统石油污染土壤修复方法的基础上,综述了生物修复联合多技术修复石油污染土壤的方法、原理、研究现状及应用。并对如何更好地将生物修复与多技术相结合,提高修复效率和改善修复产物提出了展望,对采用以生物修复为核心的多技术联合修复策略在油田污染治理和生态环境恢复方面具有指导意义,以期为提高石油污染土壤修复效果提供依据。     

Nitrogen utilization and transformation in red soil fertilized with urea and ryegrass

The influence of fertilization with urea and ryegrass on nitrogen utilization and transformation in red soil has been studied by using ^15N tracer method.When urea and ryegrass were applied alone or in combination,the percentage of N uptaken by ryegrass from labelled urea was 3 and 1.7 times that from labelled ryegrass for the application rate of 200mgN.kg^-1 and 100mgN.kg^-1,respectively;combining application of ryegrass and ureareduced uptake of urea N and increased uptake of ryegrass N by ryegrass plant,but the percentage of N residued in soil increased for urea and decreased for ryegrass.when urea and ryegrass were applied alone,the percentage of N residued in soil from labelled ryegrass was more than 69% while that from labelled urea was less than 25%,and much more ryegrass N was incorporated into humus than urea N.     

不同介质环境条件下黏性土的分散性及其微观结构

采用碎块试验、双比重计试验、电动电位、扫描电镜等测试方法,对典型的分散性土和非分散性土在不同介质环境条件下的分散性及其微观结构特征进行了研究.研究表明,介质环境中的钠离子含量和pH值高低是决定土体是否产生分散的本质因素,两种因素缺一不可.如果土体中含有大量的钠离子,并且酸碱度呈强碱性,则土体具有分散性.通过掺加高价阳离子和酸性物质,降低土体中钠离子的相对含量和酸碱度,可对分散性土进行改良.在自然沉积条件下,分散性土的微观结构中含有较多的孔隙;而非分散性土比较密实,孔隙较少.     

膨胀土地区开挖渠道滑坡的规律与特征

在安徽省近百处开挖渠道滑坡分析的基础上,结合工程地质条件,对膨胀土地区开挖渠道滑坡在滑动面的形态及其形成、滑坡过程和滑坡分布等方面的规律和特征进行了研究。     

基于复合材料理论的土壤——根系力学研究

从微观的角度研究了根系——土壤复合体的宏观力学性质,并通过计算机模拟试验,研究了土壤和根系——土壤复合体的应变。结果表明,生态防护对加固土壤、保护边坡体有可支持的力学依据,能够有效的提高土壤的力学性质。     

深层搅拌桩挡土墙的试验研究及其应用

根据对工程实践和深层搅拌桩挡土墙内部的谷仓土压力的计算分析,提出其设计计算方法;通过土工离心模型试验分析深层搅拌桩挡土墙的破坏机理,验证了该种设计计算方法的正确性;提出了施工中应注意的问题及监测手段。上海地区三个典型工程的实测表明:挡土墙及其四周土体的变形趋势同模型试验是一致的;在饱和软土地质条件下,采用深层搅拌桩作为挡土支护结构具有明显的社会、环境和经济效益,因而是一种很有发展前途的深基坑支护的施工方法。     

非饱和粉土回弹模量的应力依赖性与水敏感性耦合分析

为了研究路基内部应力状态和含水率变化对回弹模量的影响,建立了路基土回弹模量的预估模型。根据室内三轴重复加载试验结果,研究了应力依赖性控制指标的选择,结果表明:体应力变化时,回弹模量不具有单调变化的规律,所以不宜作为应力依赖性的控制指标;而利用围压和偏应力作为控制指标时则能全面的反映回弹模量的变化规律。根据土水特征曲线,利用基质吸力表征含水率的影响,构建应力依赖性和水敏感性的耦合模型,并通过试验结果的拟合验证,发现该模型能够较好地反映回弹模量随应力水平和含水率变化的规律。     

变电站接地网大修改造探讨

变电站接地网改造设计是一项实践性很强的工作,针对兴义供电局开展的系列变电站地网大修改造工程。对地网安全指标评估、土壤结构分析、地网安全性能仿真研究、改造设计方法及施工工艺等实践经验进行了总结,旨在为今后相关单位的类似工作提供必要的参考。     

Response of Poplar and Associated Fungal Endophytic Communities to a PAH Contamination Gradient

Microbial populations associated to poplar are well described in non-contaminated and metal-contaminated environments but more poorly in the context of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination. This study aimed to understand how a gradient of phenanthrene (PHE) contamination affects poplar growth and the fungal microbiome in both soil and plant endosphere (roots, stems and leaves). Plant growth and fitness parameters indicated that the growth of Populus canadensis was impaired when PHE concentration increased above 400 mg kg⁻¹. Values of alpha-diversity indicators of fungal diversity and richness were not affected by the PHE gradient. The PHE contamination had a stronger impact on the fungal community composition in the soil and root compartments compared to that of the aboveground organs. Most of the indicator species whose relative abundance was correlated with PHE contamination decreased along the gradient indicating a toxic effect of PHE on these fungal OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units). However, the relative abundance of some OTUs such as Cadophora, Alternaria and Aspergillus, potentially linked to PHE degradation or being plant-beneficial taxa, increased along the gradient. Finally, this study allowed a deeper understanding of the dual response of plant and fungal communities in the case of a soil PAH contamination gradient leading to new perspectives on fungal assisted phytoremediation.     

加筋土挡墙有限元分析材料模型综述

对20世纪60年代以来国内外加筋土挡墙有限单元分析中采用的几种方法进行了简单介绍,并分别指出它们的优缺点。对加筋土结构有限元计算时经常采用的一些本构模型进行了详细介绍,并着重描述了一种可用于模拟接触面的结构性模型———复合体模型。目前加筋土挡墙的有限元模型基本上均是二维平面模型,建议计算工作者建立三维模型,并考虑筋———土、面板———土、基础———墙体之间相互作用。指出将基于微观理论的结构性模型用于模拟加筋土体,特别是筋———土接触面,是一个新的研究方向。