固体酸催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

论述了利用对甲苯磺酸，磺化苯磷酸锆，六水三氯化铁，氧化亚锡，十二水合硫酸铁铵，一水硫酸氢钠，固体超强酸和杂多酸等各种固体催化剂催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯的方法。研究发现：各种催化剂的催化效果良好，酯收率达74％以上，有的甚至达97.8％。同时对各种催化剂的催化机理进行了初步探讨，对各种固体酸的催化效果也进行了比较。     

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR STUDYING THE KINETICS OF GAS-SOLID REACTIONS IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

A methodology for studying the kinetics of gas-solid reactions in a fluidized bed reactor is presented. This procedure is based on the analysis of the response of the system (flue gases) when batches of solids of different weight are added to the reactor. The method has been applied to the study of limestone particle calcination. The calcination rate constants obtained are in good agreement with those found in the literature. The method offers the advantage of simplicity and avoids the use of model assumptions or empirical correlations.     

Synthesis of Pseudoionones by Acid and Base Solid Catalysts

The preparation of pseudoionones by aldol condensation reaction between citral and acetone have been carried out in the presence of acid (HY and beta zeolites), an acid–base (amorphous aluminophosphate) and basic catalysts such as an aluminophosphate oxynitride, MgO and different activated hydrotalcites. The results showed that acid or acid–base catalysts were not successful for performing in one pot the preparation of ionones. MgO and calcined hydrotalcites showed excellent activity and selectivity to pseudoionones, with calcined hydrotalcite more selective than MgO. Moreover, the rate of reaction can be improved by activating the hydrotalcite through rehydration. This activation can be successfully done by simply adding the optimum amount of water to the calcined hydrotalcite before reaction. The inhibiting effect of the concentration citral on the catalytic activity of rehydrated hydrotalcites that has been reported to occur at 273 K can be avoided by working at a reaction temperature of 333 K.     

ZAG100－1000／35型全自动压滤机的研制与应用

介绍了ＺＡＧ１００－１０００／３５型全自动压滤机的研制与应用情况．表明机组主机结构、生产能力、自控水平均比引进产品有所提高，整机性能良好。     

电石渣在环氧丙烷生产中的循环利用

总结了电石渣生产环氧丙烷工艺中的设计与应用。运行情况表明，该工艺具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

Influences of zinc oxide and an organic additive on the electrochemical behavior of pure aluminum in an alkaline solution

The corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in inhibited and uninhibited 4 MKOH was investigated by means of hydrogen collection, polarization curve measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the corrosion of pure aluminum was greatly inhibited by the addition of ZnO and dimethyl amine epoxy propane (designated as DE). EIS and EDAX analyses revealed that ZnO produces its effect by depositing on the aluminum surface, which increases the overpotential of hydrogen evolution. It was also found that the addition of DE could greatly improve the deposition of zinc layers.     

侧链为亚乙氧基结构的EVOH梳型聚合物的合成

以乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)为原料，制备了一种主链为疏水的聚乙烯链段，侧链具有亚乙氧基结构的多羟基梳形聚合物，用元素分析法、凝胶渗透色谱法、核磁共振谱法对其进行了结构表征；用热重分析法和示差扫描量热法对其热学性能进行了表征。结果表明，接枝后产物的玻璃化转变温度在-52--40℃之间，熔点在55～600℃之间，由于侧链的引入破坏了EVOH的结晶，因此梳形聚合物的热分解温度比EVOH降低了约20℃。     

Chemical Reaction Engineering and Research and development of gas solid systems

A general procedure is proposed for innovative research and development of gas-solid reactor systems, with a brief explanation of the significance of each step in the procedureBased upon the contacting mode between gas and solid phases, as well as the ways of supplying thermal energy to the reacting regions, various types of gas-solid reactor systems are classified by using tables of so called “matrix” form, for thermal cracking and gasification of heavy oils, gasification of coal, gasification of solid waste, calcination of limestone, clinkering of cement and reduction of iron ore.The importance of fundamental concepts is emphasized for successful research and development by presenting several examples; namely, calcination of limestone, thermal cracking of heavy oils and gasification of solid waste materials.In connection with the direction in which fundamental research should be oriented, four primary ways of thinking are proposed, which can be applied to obtain innovative ideas for further research and development in this field.One example of the author's practical experience was selected to show the role of the fundamental research in the course of large scale development. Finally the author outlines the role of chemical reaction engineering to innovate the novel gas-solid reactor systems which may be inevitable for simultaneous solution of the three big E's; namely, Energy, Environment and Economy.     

Lithium/V6O13 cells using silica nanoparticle-based composite electrolyte

The electrochemical behavior of Li/V₆O₁₃ cells is investigated at room temperature (22 °C) both in liquid electrolyte consisting of oligomeric poly(ethyleneglycol)dimethylether+lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonylimide) and composite electrolytes formed by blending the liquid electrolyte with silica nanoparticles (fumed silica). The addition of fumed silica yields a gel-like electrolyte that demonstrates the desirable property of suppressing lithium dendrite growth due to the rigidity and immobility of the electrolyte structure. The lithium/electrolyte interfacial resistance for composite gel electrolytes is less than that for the corresponding base-liquid electrolyte, and the charge-discharge cycle performance and electrochemical efficiency for the Li/V₆O₁₃ cell is significantly improved. The effect of fumed silica surface group on the electrochemical performance is discussed; the native hydrophilic silanol surface group appears better than fumed silica that is modified with a hydrophobic octyl surface moiety.     

纳米稀土复合固体超强酸催化合成乙酸苄酯

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-2％Nd2O3催化剂，电镜分析表明，催化剂颗粒直径在25nm左右，比表面积测定：71．03m^2／g。酸强度-12．70〈Ho〈-11．99。并对合成乙酸苄酯的最佳反应条件进行了研究。研究表明：当苯甲醇与乙酸的物质的量比为1：2，反应时间为5h，反应温度为120℃，催化剂用量为6％苯甲醇的质量时，酯化率可达92．04％。研究发现，该催化剂可重复使用并可活化再生。