基于光纤环形镜的C+L波段高平坦高功率掺铒光源

研究并设计了一种用3 dB宽带耦合器制作的光纤环形镜作为反射镜的双级双程单管抽运高平坦度高功率C+L波段ASE光源。用2个980 nm激光二极管调试两级抽运光功率的分配,两级采用掺铒浓度不同的光纤并优化光纤长度,获得了功率高达15.28 mW(11.84 dB/m)的C＋L波段ASE光输出,平均波长为1 559.31 nm,在未采用任何外加滤波器的情况下,其平坦区域3 dB带宽66.72 nm(从1 533.12 nm至1 599.84 nm)。之后采用一个激光二极管实现两级双向同时抽运得到了同样的效果。通过光纤环形镜的使用,不仅提高了抽运源利用效率,且改善了光源的平坦度,在实验过程中,在平坦度相度相对要差一些的条件下,还通过调整两级抽运光的功率及分配比例得到了功率达到30.11 mW的C+L 波段ASE输出。     

开关式场效应管直流脉冲TIG焊接电源的研究

本文介绍了一种由于关式场效应恒流源和斩波器构成的脉冲ＴＩＧ焊接电源，除了可以获得经及占空比独立可调的低、高频冲输出外，还可获得低频调制的高频方波群输出，由后者形成的低频调制高频ＴＩＧ焊兼有低频脉冲ＴＩＧ焊对熔池输入了热量易于控制及高频脉冲ＴＩＧ焊接电弧能量集中挺直的优点。     

激光一同轴电弧复合焊接热源焊接

在建立和研究空心钨极电弧的基础上，对激光一同轴电弧复合焊接热源焊接特性进行了深入研究。试验结果表明，激光与电弧相互作用增强的效果十分显著，采用同轴电弧作为辅助热源增大焊接熔深的效力优于激光一旁轴电弧复合焊接热源焊接效果。在试验的基础上，得到了激光一同轴电弧复合焊接热源焊接熔深的变化规律。     

浅谈土壤源热泵系统的发展及其应用

概述了土壤源热泵系统的特点,阐述了土壤源热泵技术在国内外的发展、研究现状,最后介绍了土壤源热泵技术在发展中面临的问题及在制冷空调中的广阔应用前景。     

医院中、低压配电系统的谐波抑制

随着非线性电气设备、计算机实时监控设备的广泛应用和变频水泵、调频空调系统的推广,医疗建筑电力系统中、低压谐波危害越来越严重,电网的污染带来严重的危害已到急逼之势,因此,应净化电源、优化电气设计以提高可靠性和安全性。     

民用建筑中供配电系统若干问题的再思考

着重分析和讨论民用建筑电气设计中20kV供电电压等级、单台变压器容量、备用电源和应急电源、自启动柴油发电机组的启动信号、低压断路器与母联断路器的联锁控制、低压断路器电子脱扣器的使用、突然断电比过负荷造成的损失更大的线路过负荷保护等问题,并给出建议。     

Quasi-dynamic energy-saving judgment of electric-driven seawater source heat pump district heating system over boiler house district heating system

The electric-driven seawater source heat pump district heating system is a renewable energy utilization system, but this cannot guarantee the energy-saving effect of the system. The static energy-saving judgment between this system and the conventional boiler house district heating system was provided in a former research paper. However the static method has proved to be a very rough evaluation method and may lead to misjudgment as well. So a quasi-dynamic method, taking the total energy consumption during a whole heating season into consideration, is established in this paper. The energy-saving index turns out to be the expression of the lower limit of the average COP of the seawater source heat pump unit throughout the heating season (COP_h,mc). Then a case study is presented to show how the index of COP_h,mc and the actual average COP of the heat pump unit throughout the heating season (COP_h,ma) are calculated. The calculation results show that the quasi-dynamic method improves the calculation accuracy dramatically, and thus provides a better solution to the quantitative energy-saving evaluation of the electric-driven seawater source heat pump district heating system.     

Contributions of wastewater, runoff and sewer deposit erosion to wet weather pollutant loads in combined sewer systems

An observatory of urban pollutants was created in Paris for the purpose of assessing the dynamics of wastewater and wet weather flow (WW and WWF) pollutant loads within combined sewers. This observatory is composed of six urban catchments, covering land areas ranging in size from 42 ha to 2581 ha. For a wide array of parameters including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD₅), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), heavy metals (Cu and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), this article is intended to evaluate the contributions of wastewater, runoff and in-sewer processes to WWF pollutant loads through the use of an entry–exit mass balance approach. To achieve this objective, a total of 16 rain events were sampled on these sites between May 2003 and February 2006. This study has confirmed that at the considered catchment scale (i.e. from 42 ha to 2581 ha) the production and transfer processes associated with WWF pollutant loads do not vary with basin scale. Entry–exit chemical mass balances over all catchments and for a large number of rain events indicate that wastewater constitutes the main source of organic and nitrogenous pollution, while runoff is the predominant source of Zn. For Cu, PAHs and TSS, the calculation underscores the major role played by in-sewer processes, specifically by sediment erosion, as a source of WWF pollution. A significant loss of dissolved metals was also observed during their transfer within the sewer network, likely as a consequence of the adsorption of dissolved metals on TSS and/or on sewer deposits. Moreover, the nature of eroded particles was examined and compared to the various sewer deposits. This comparison has highlighted that such particles exhibit similar organic and PAH contents to those measured in the organic layer, thus suggesting that the deposit eroded during a wet weather period is organic and of a nature comparable to the organic layer. Despite the extent of initial field investigations, no organic deposit was observed to be present on sewer lines within the catchments, which implies that this organic deposit is probably present in another form or to be found elsewhere in the main trunks.     

集体建设用地及其房屋的法律制度

1999年1月1日生效的《土地管理法》和同年5月6日国务院办公厅《关于加强土地转让管理严禁炒卖土地的通知》就明确规定：“农村集体土地使用权不得出让、转让或出租用于非农业建设;     

建设工程招投标阶段造价控制探讨

招投标是建立公开、公平、公正和诚实信用的市场秩序的有效手段,也是开展资源节约型经济活动,实现资源配置,提高资产投资效益的重要途径。本文即通过分析建设工程招投标的特点及招投标阶段对工程造价的影响,提出在招投标阶段涩制工程造价应采取的措施,从而达到有效控制工程造价的目的。