Three paths of adult development: Conservers, seekers, and achievers.

This study examined the development of individuals whose motivations and skills led them to develop in different but equally positive ways. C. D. Ryff's (1989) scales for Environmental Mastery (EM) and Personal Growth (PG) were used to identify three configurations of positive mental health in 111 women of the Mills Longitudinal Study: Achievers, high on both scales; Conservers, high on EM, low on PG; and Seekers, high on PG, low on EM. Each pattern showed a distinctive profile of strengths on four criteria of maturity—competence, generativity, ego development, and wisdom—and each was predicted by distinctive features of positive and negative emotionality, identity processes, and change in self-control across 31 years of adulthood. Identity at age 43 mediated the influence of personality at age 21 in predicting positive mental health pattern at age 60. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Wrinkling instabilities in polymer films and their applications

Surface wrinkles are commonly observed in polymer films driven by mechanical instability when the stress exceeds a critical value. Recently, wrinkling instability has been utilized as a versatile patterning platform to create unique surface patterns for a wide range of applications that are related to surface topography and its dynamic tuning. In this review, we discuss three mechanisms to create large‐area surface wrinkles via thermal stress, osmotic pressure and mechanical stress applied on bilayer and gradient polymer films. We briefly compare the governing physics in each system, and how to control the wrinkle pattern order, characteristic wavelength and amplitude, orientation and interactions under different geometrical confinements. We then present various technological applications that harness wrinkling effects, including optical components, responsive microfluidic channels, thin‐film metrology, tunable wetting and directed assembly of liquid crystal molecules, flexible electronics and particle sorting.     

Tofu Yield and Textural Properties from Three Soybean Cultivars as Affected by Ratios of 7S and 11S Proteins

Crude 11S and 7S proteins of three soybean cultivars were fractionated, and tofu was prepared from soymilk with 11S/7S protein ratios of 1.6 to 3.2. Higher 11S/7S ratio produced lower yield (p≤0.05) of Vinton and Sturdy tofu. Higher 11S/7S ratio resulted in higher firmness of Proto and Sturdy tofu. Increase in 11S/7S ratio increased cohesiveness of Sturdy tofu. The maximum extent of decreasing Vinton tofu yield and increasing Proto and Sturdy tofu firmness was ∼10% of the unmodified tofu. Results indicated that tofu characteristics were cultivar dependent and manipulation of 11S/7S ratio may not result in substantial effects on tofu yield or quality.     

Patterns of home life: Informing design for domestic environments

This paper considers how we may provide support for the development of general design principles in domestic environments. In particular, we examine the potential for usingdesign patterns as a means of presenting ethnographic material and outlining design solutions. The paper reports on the development of an initial pattern language based on our studies of a number of domestic, environments and offers a general structure for presenting these patterns. Finally, we briefly reflect on our experiences of developing an on-line set of patterns for this class of environment.     

Cultural transmission of vocal traditions in cowbirds (Molothrus ater) influences courtship patterns and mate preferences.

In this study, the authors tested the cultural transmission of vocal traditions in cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Young cowbirds from a South Dakota (SD) population were housed over winter with adults of the SD population or with adults from an Indiana (IN) population. Song differences between the original SD and IN adult models were acquired by South Dakota culture (SDC) and Indiana culture (INC) males, respectively, and were transmitted to a 2nd cultural generation of birds. During playback tests of SDC and INC songs, SD females gave more copulatory responses to SDC songs. Finally, males with SD-like songs courted SDC females preferentially in breeding season tests, whereas males with IN-like songs courted INC females preferentially. These results indicate that the transmission of vocal traditions plays a fundamental role in the courtship patterns and mating decisions of cowbirds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rough Surfaces Profiles and Speckle Patterns Analysis by Hurst Exponent Method

In this work, a conventional surface roughness comparator is used to perform an analysis of different textures. The Hurst exponent method for the characterization of optical profiles and speckle digital patterns obtained from the comparator was used. By implementation of a simple experimental setup with minimum alignment, information about specific points on the comparator for different roughness was obtained. The processing and analysis of optical signals and images obtained by reflection allowed calculation of Hurst coefficients, revealing a relation between surface roughness, optical profiles and speckle patterns. The setup simplicity and Hurst analysis suggest their combined application on surface metrology.     

Adhesion of Patterned Reactive Interfaces

We demonstrate the role of chemical surface patterns on the adhesion of soft, elastomeric interfaces. The microscale patterns consist of periodic variation of two types of silane surface chemistries: a reactive silane that bonds covalently with the soft elastomer and a passive silane that is weakly adhered with the elastomer. Using an adhesion test based on 90° peel geometry, we demonstrate that the tuning of adhesion depends on the spatial distribution of the reactive silane groups. Given our material system and pattern symmetries, an enhancement in adhesion energy is observed in a majority of the patterns. The mechanism of enhancement is associated with the shape of the contact line. Specifically, the reactive silane interfaces play a significant role in defining the width of the contact line. In instances where enhancement is observed, the width of the contact line increases because of the “pinning” of the contact line by the reactive interfaces. These results emphasize the importance of contact line interaction with the pattern shapes and demonstrate opportunities for using well-defined two-dimensional patterns to actively tune polymer adhesion.     

元明清政治经济格局与海河流域水利发展

元明清时代定都于北京，北京所处的海河流域成为全国政治中心，而经济重心则位于南方。政治、经济中心分离，直接影响了当时海河水利事业的发展通过分析元明清政治经济基本格局与海河水利发展之间的互动关系，得出海河流域水利发展必须为流域经济社会服务、经济社会发展必须考虑当地水资源现实条件的结论。     

Early Experience and Postembryonic Maturation of Body Patterns in Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis).

This study investigates effects of the environment on the maturation of body patterns in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). Cuttlefish were reared either individually on a uniform background, which the authors have termed uniform-solitary conditions (Group A), or grouped on variegated backgrounds, which the authors have termed varied-social conditions (Group B). At Days 1, 15, 30, and 60, juveniles were placed individually in perceptually different testing conditions, either on small, variegated stones or on a uniform pale gray background. During development in both testing conditions, juveniles from Group B concealed themselves differently from those from Group A. Thus, it appears that the response to the background is subject to individual experience. Some hypotheses are discussed relating to the effect of early experience on the maturation of body patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于分层思想的异构分布式数据库查询设计

通过分析异构分布式数据库查询存在的主要问题，提出了一种基于消息机制的多层分布式体系结构，并应用J2EE核心设计模式将该体系结构映射为对应的软件架构。