碱性蚀刻废液再生方法评述

碱性蚀刻废液是一种铜含量高、废液浓度高的工业废水,将其再生具有较高的经济价值和环境效益。文章综述了碱性蚀刻废液的污染危害,全面介绍了碱性蚀刻废液的再生方法,指出了碱性蚀刻液再生的发展方向。     

FCC待生催化剂多级组合式汽提器的开发

从冷模试验入手,以提高汽提器汽提效率为目标,开发了催化裂化沉降器待生催化剂多级组合式结构汽提器.该技术在着眼于加大汽固接触面积、提高汽固接触效率的同时,在汽提器内用间隔距离较大的挡板实现多级串联式汽提,以减小各区内汽固的返混程度,提高传质效率,从而提高汽提效率.冷模试验研究对比结果表明,新开发的汽提器汽提效率较普通环形挡板式汽提器汽提效率提高10百分点以上.在济南分公司重油催化裂化装置的工业应用结果表明,投用新汽提器后,焦炭中氢质量分数为6%～7%,降低了18.3%,焦炭产率下降0.5百分点.     

FCC废催化剂镁改性催化裂化性能再生研究

提出并证实了高的强酸性位可接近性导致FCC废催化剂失活的机制。基于所提出的失活机制,采用浸渍法对FCC废催化剂进行镁改性再生。对所制备的再生FCC废催化剂进行了表征并考察了其重油催化裂化性能。表征结果表明,与未改性的FCC废催化剂相比,再生FCC废催化剂表面酸强度被一定程度地削弱,而表面总酸量和结构性质参数未出现显著改变。重油催化裂化结果表明,得益于适宜的表面酸性,再生FCC废催化剂的催化裂化反应性能得到极大改善。与未改性的FCC废催化剂相比,再生FCC废催化剂的汽油产率显著增加了3.04个百分点,同时干气、液化气、焦炭和重油产率则分别下降了0.36、0.81、1.28和0.87个百分点,这使得所制备的再生FCC废催化剂可以代替部分新鲜FCC催化剂使用。最后,探讨了再生FCC废催化剂表面酸性改变机理。     

从失效催化剂中回收钌的研究进展

总结了从失效催化剂中回收钌的多种方法和工艺,重点介绍了常用的熔融氧化蒸馏法。熔融氧化蒸馏法由于工艺繁杂、步骤冗长、对设备要求高等缺点,近年来不同学者和行业专家先后提出了还原沉淀法、直接氧化法和活泼金属置换法等方法,但尚未有工业化应用的报道。简化工艺流程、提高钌的回收率是目前钌回收研究工作并实现其工业化生产的重点和难点。     

超声波辅助乙醇提取苦荞酒酒糟及底锅水总黄酮工艺优化

采用超声波辅助乙醇提取法探讨了未经蒸煮的苦荞、蒸煮过的苦荞、苦荞酒酒糟和"苦荞酒酒糟+底锅水"中总黄酮含量,得出苦荞酒酒糟及底锅水中总黄酮含量最高,并以此为研究对象,探究了苦荞黄酮提取的最佳工艺。在单因素试验的基础上结合正交试验,分别考察了乙醇体积分数、萃取温度、萃取时间和固液比对总黄酮含量的影响。得出较优的提取方案为:乙醇体积分数为85%、萃取温度为40℃、萃取时间55 min、固液比1∶45(g∶mL)。在最优的条件下,得出苦荞酒酒糟及底锅水中总黄酮含量为55.49 mg/g。结果表明,超声波辅助乙醇提取能明显提高苦荞酒酒糟及底锅水中黄酮的提取率,并为以后苦荞黄酮的提取提供了参考。     

Biotechnological potential of industrial wastes for economical citric acid bioproduction by Aspergillus niger through submerged fermentation

Submerged citric acid (CA) bioproduction was carried out by Aspergillus niger NRRL‐567 using various industrial wastes, such as brewery spent liquid (BSL), lactoserum and starch industry water sludge. CA bioproduction was carried out by varying the temperature (25–35 °C), pH (3–5), addition of inducers, incubation time and supplementation with different proportions of apple pomace ultrafiltration sludge (APS). The results indicated that under the best conditions with 3% (v/v) methanol, the optimal concentration of 11.34 g L^?1 CA was recorded using BSL at pH 3.5 and temperature 30 °C after 120‐h incubation period. Supplementation of methanol resulted in an increase of 56% CA production. Meanwhile, under similar conditions, higher concentration of 18.34 g L^?1 CA was reported with the supplementation of BSL with 40% (v/v) APS having suspended solids concentration of 30 g L^?1. The present study demonstrated the potential of BSL supplemented with APS as an alternative cheap substrate for CA fermentation.     

Brewer’s spent grain as a functional ingredient for breadsticks

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was evaluated for its potential as a functional baking ingredient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of BSG and wheat flours. Baked snacks (breadsticks) were prepared using 15%, 25% and 35% BSG and evaluated for their baking quality and fibre and protein content (over a period of 3 months). The addition of BSG altered the baking characteristics of the breadsticks by affecting their structure and texture. The snacks appeared to lack in cellular structure and crispiness. However, they had quite a stable shelf‐life, as changes in texture, moisture and a_w progressed at a low rate. Addition of 25% and 35% BSG significantly increased the protein content of the snacks, and addition of 15% BSG more than doubled the content of dietary fibre in the samples.     

啤酒糟中细菌的分离鉴定及其在啤酒糟发酵中的应用

该研究采用传统培养分离法从啤酒糟中分离细菌,通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,选择其中3株细菌发酵啤酒糟,并与常规发酵真菌黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）和出芽短梗霉（Aureobasidium pullulans）对比,以期获得对啤酒糟降解效果较好的细菌。结果表明,从啤酒糟中共分离得到6株细菌（编号为B1～B6）,经鉴定,分别为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、梭状菌属（Clostridium sp.）、解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）、暹罗芽孢杆菌（Bacillus siamensis）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌B3对啤酒糟的降解效果最好,且优于常规真菌,其发酵啤酒糟的蛋白质、总还原糖、阿魏酰低聚糖含量、木聚糖酶酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶酶活均最高,分别为25.26%、3.92%、10.01μmol/L、803.59 U及38.16 U。     

油脂脱色废白土二次煅烧再生工艺的研究

采用二次煅烧对油脂脱色废白土进行再生,对煅烧温度及煅烧时间进行了探索研究。通过实验确定最佳脱色废白土再生条件为520℃两次煅烧0.5 h,该条件下所得再生白土脱色率可达79.79%,接近于新活性白土的脱色效果(82.18%),实现了循环利用、节约成本、节能降耗、环保安全的目标。     

我国淘汰蛋鸡加工业的研究现状及发展趋势

研究表明,近年来世界鸡肉消费量呈上升趋势,而随着我国禽蛋业的发展,淘汰蛋鸡数量迅速增长,但目前我国淘汰蛋鸡价格普遍偏低、深加工程度较低.本文结合淘汰蛋鸡的肉质及营养特点,从淘汰蛋鸡加工业的研究现状出发,探讨了我国淘汰蛋鸡加工业的发展趋势.