芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱变粘酸化液研究

简介了两性表面活性剂芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱(SAP-BET)的合成及其酸液变粘原理,实验考察了变粘特性。模拟酸液中SAP-BET浓度为体积分数,酸浓度为质量分数,表观粘度(AV)为170 s-1测定值。在25℃、50~1700s-1范围,15%盐酸中SAP-BET浓度≤2%时为牛顿流体,≥3%时为假塑性流体,加入6%SAP-BET时25℃的上行和下行流变曲线重合,100℃时不重合。在25~120℃范围,含6%SAP-BET的15%~28%盐酸粘(AV)温曲线在~75℃时有最大值,酸浓度的影响不大。6%SAP-BET乏盐酸pH升至1.3时,AV急剧上升至>200 mPa.s,pH继续升高时大体维持不变,温度(25~120℃)的影响不大;pH=4.0的乏盐酸在25~150℃范围的粘(AV)温曲线在~75℃时有最大值,SAP-BET浓度越高则AV越高。6%甲酸 6%~18%盐酸 1%~7.5%SAP-BET混合酸液的乏酸液(pH=4.0),100℃下的AV随SAP-BET浓度增大而显著增大,随盐酸浓度增大而略为增大;12%盐酸 3%~12%甲酸 7.5%SAP-BET混合酸的乏酸液,pH升至0.8~1.3时100℃下的AV急剧增大并大体维持不变,所达到的AV值低于相应的盐酸乏酸液,随甲酸浓度增大而减小,甲酸浓度为3%~6%时超过200 mPa.s。Fe3 (>0.5%)和互溶剂严重影响SAP-BET的功能。推荐6%SAP-BET 15%~28%盐酸体系为碳酸盐岩地层酸化用的变粘酸,7.5%SAP-BET 12%盐酸 6%甲酸体系为砂岩地层酸化时土酸的分流酸。图10参4。     

废旧镍钴锰电池回收工艺及污染控制概述

系统介绍了废旧镍钴锰电池回收利用的工艺路线,包括放电、预处理、火法与湿法回收工艺以及电解液的回收等。通过对比各回收方法的优缺点,认为火法-湿法联合处理工艺具有较好的应用前景; 关注每项工艺中产生的二次污染,对污染控制方法进行了总结概括。旨在为废旧镍钴锰电池的绿色回收提供借鉴。     

钴钼废催化剂中酸浸钴和铝的工艺研究

用H2SO4浸出的方法提取催化剂提钼渣的钴和铝,研究了H2SO4浓度、液固比（质量比）、添加剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、搅拌速度、原料粒度等条件对提钼渣溶浸过程中钴和铝浸出率的影响。结果表明：加入添加剂对催化剂载体Al2O3的浸出率没有影响,但是可以显著提高钴的浸出率。试验得到的最佳工艺条件为：H2SO4浓度12mol/L,液固比10,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间180min,搅拌速度800r/min,原料粒度0.075-0.096mm的条件下,钴的浸出率达92%,铝的浸出率也接近74%。     

Use of coffee by‐products for the cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus and its impact on biological properties of extracts thereof

Incorporating spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a by‐product from coffee brewing, in growth substrate of beneficial edible mushrooms is an approach that has to be further studied due to its potential positive outcomes: environmental impact mitigation, production costs reduction and beneficial impact on consumer health. Hence, cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus was tested using SCG which enabled maximum production yield of P. citrinopileatus which was of 25.1% (w/w). Variable antidiabetic potential was observed between aqueous and enzymatic extracts (3.8%–29% inhibition) regardless species and substrates, whereas aqueous extract of P. citrinopileatus grown in substrate without SCG stood out presenting the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition activity of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (IC₅₀ = 123 μg mL^?1). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both Pleurotus species grown in the presence or absence of SGC proved to be an interesting prebiotic source for growth of Bifidobacterium animalis Bo in comparison with fructooligosaccharides (FOS).     

Thermochemical and Experimental Considerations of NOx Composition and Iodine Species in the Dissolution of Spent PWR-Fuel Specimens

Abstract

The NO_x composition and iodine species in the dissolution of spent fuels are discussed on the basis of thermochemical calculations and experimental results. The influence of N0_x sparging on the expulsion of iodine is also discussed. The dissolution of a spent PWR-fuel specimen (–3g) in 30 ml of 3.5_MHNO₃ at 100°C is calculated to yield a concentration of 7×10^?2atm of N0₂, which is 80% of the total NO_X in the dissolver. This N0₂ fraction is much higher than experimental values of 15% or less that were reported for dissolver off-gas cooled near to room temperature. The high N0₂ fraction suppresses the formation of iodate (IO₃ ^?) in the dissolution. The calculations predict that IO₃ ^?) is not formed in 3.5 M HNO₃ at 100°C at an NO₂ pressure ≥3×10^?2 atm (3kPa). Attempts to expel iodine from the fuel solution indicated that the main iodine species in the solution was colloidal iodine and not iodate (I0₃ ^?) which earlier workers postulated. The obtained experimental results are consistent with the thermochemical predictions. For the decomposition of the colloidal iodine in the expulsion process, NO₂ sparging has a negative effect. This is because an increase in NO₂ pressure promotes the formation of colloidal Agl.     

10MW高温气冷堆乏燃料元件的贮存

10MW高温气冷堆（HTR-10）在设计寿命内共卸出约9万个乏燃料元件，其放射性裂变产物的活度高达1.0×10¹⁶Bq，必须妥善处置。HTR-10乏燃料元件卸在密封和屏蔽的乏燃料罐内，每罐可容纳2000个乏燃料元件。这些罐暂存在反应堆建筑物最底层的乏燃料暂存库内，在库内采取通风冷却。若干年后，通过转运小车运至反应堆大厅竖井下方，再用大厅吊车从竖井吊至地面，最后用卡车运至最终贮存库。     

A Remark to a Formula in K. Ishimatsu's Paper on “Continuous γ-ray Spectrometry with Scintillation Counters”

Spatial distribution of the Cd-ratio of Au foils were measured for various lattice pitches in a natural uranium-light water system. Comparison of the experimental results with theoretical calculation using the THERMOS-code shows some divergence of the theoretical Cd-ratio toward larger than experimental values in the fuel rod.     

放化分离-液闪测量联合分析核电厂废树脂中的^(55)Fe和^(63)Ni北大核心CSCD

建立了一种核电厂放射性废离子交换树脂中^(55)Fe和^(63)Ni的联合分析方法。将废树脂样品经芬顿氧化消解后,先用氢氧化钠沉淀法沉淀^(55)Fe和^(63)Ni,再用阴离子交换树脂联合丁二酮肟沉淀对杂质离子进行分离纯化,纯化后用液体闪烁计器测量。本方法对废树脂中^(60)Co、^(65)Zn、^(54)Mn等干扰核素的去污因子均大于10^(3)。本方法对^(55)Fe和^(63)Ni的平均化学回收率分别为86%和90%,对废树脂中^(55)Fe和^(63)Ni的检测限分别为5.7 Bq/g、6.8 Bq/g。用加标样品对分析方法进行验证,预期值和测量值的偏差小于±10%。实验测得某核电厂一组一回路实际废树脂样品中^(55)Fe和^(63)Ni的平均活度浓度分别为(76.2±1.4)kBq/g和(120.0±5.1)kBq/g。     

飞机撞击下高温气冷堆乏燃料厂房损伤研究

本文针对典型高温气冷堆乏燃料厂房在双发商用飞机撞击载荷下的响应及结构完整性开展研究,并探讨结构特性对撞击损伤的影响。对乏燃料厂房及飞机分别建立有限元模型,通过弹体-目标相互作用分析模拟了飞机撞击过程,综合IAEA与NRC的评价准则对乏燃料厂房在飞机撞击下的损伤程度进行评估。数值结果表明：厂房上对应于机身及发动机的撞击位置发生可接受的局部损伤;乏燃料贮存井墙体对于提高构筑物抗飞机撞击能力有重要作用。此外,构筑物外形对损伤有很大影响,圆柱形壳体的抗飞机撞击能力显著强于方形厂房,是核电厂厂房设计的优化方向之一。