破乳-酸化法处理直馏柴油精制废碱液

采用破乳 -酸化法对直馏柴油精制废碱液进行处理 ,筛选出最佳的破乳条件和酸化终点。实验结果表明 ,采用破乳剂或热力破乳 -酸化法预处理直馏柴油精制废碱液是一种有效的预处理方法。经该方法处理后的废碱液化学需氧量 (COD)下降率可达 93 4 %,除油率为 87%,副产物硫酸钠能得到最大限度地回收利用。同时 ,该方法设备简单 ,处理费用低廉 ,易于实现工业化。     

FCC废催化剂的处理与综合利用

论述国内外催化裂化废催化剂的主要处理方法和利用技术,其主要包括磁选法部分回用、有机无机耦合法全部回用、精制润滑油、作火焰阻滞剂、微生物生长抑制剂以及吸附剂等,为其处置提供参考。     

碱渣湿式氧化处理技术应用现状与发展

简要叙述了碱渣的来源与组成,概述了国、内外石油、石化行业碱渣的主要处理技术及其应用情况,重点介绍了当今世界上以湿式氧化工艺为代表的几种主要的碱渣处理方法的工艺特点及应用现状。为我国碱渣处理技术的工业应用提供参考,并提出了今后的研究重点。     

催化裂化废催化剂利用的新途径

催化裂化是炼油厂中一个重要的加工工艺,所排出的废催化剂目前国内多数采用填埋法处理,不仅容易污染环境,而且浪费资源。探讨了催化剂失活的原因,介绍了催化剂再生、用废催化精制石蜡及精制ＰＣＣ柴油等利用方法,对我国废催化剂的处理具有一定的参考价值。     

加压碱溶法从氧化铝基废催化剂中回收钯

研究了加压碱溶载体法从氧化铝基含钯废催化剂中回收钯的工艺。在高压釜中,反应温度200℃,压力12 kg/cm2,时间6 h,氧化铝载体的溶解效率大于95%;选择甲酸钠作为抑制剂,可将钯在溶液中的浓度降低至0.0005 g/L以下;富集物经溶解-精炼得到纯度大于99.98%的海绵钯,钯直收率为99.02%。     

含多功能添加剂TS-2的酸化液与自生气热剂结合用于百色油田低产能井解堵

常规酸化液用于百色低产油井解堵的效果不佳。研制了一种多功能添加剂TS 2。考察了加入TS 2的8%盐酸 3%醋酸 0.3%柠檬酸酸化液KS 1和1.5%氢氟酸 8%盐酸 3%醋酸 0.3%柠檬酸酸化液KS 2的性能:洗油泥能力强,可防铁离子二次沉淀,悬浮细小固体颗粒性能好,表面活性好(表面张力为31.4和31.0mN/m),与采出水完全混溶,能促进原油充分破乳脱水。加入0.3%缓蚀剂CT1 3使KS 1和KS 2在70℃时的腐蚀速率降至1.125和1.415g/m2·h。在模拟油井条件下,岩心被污水污染后渗透率由28.46×10-3μm2降至7.28×10-3μm2,酸洗、注入前置酸KS 1、酸化处理液KS 2后恢复至18.59×10-3μm2。研制了含催化剂TS 2C和助效剂TS 2D的NaNO2 NH4NO3生气热剂,以促进乏酸残液返排。在两口低产井上进行了解堵试验,注入生气热剂—KS 1 KS 2—生气热剂段塞,均获得了增产效果。表5参3。     

Utilization of brewer's spent grain in the production of Frankfurters

The effects of dried and ground brewer's spent grain (BSG) on dietary fibre content and some quality characteristics of beef Frankfurters were investigated. BSG preparations of fine (<212 μm), medium (212–425 μm) and coarse (425–850 μm) particle sizes were used in the production of Frankfurters. The total dietary fibre (TDF) content of the Frankfurters supplemented with BSG of different particle sizes increased significantly ( P  < 0.05) as the level of addition was increased. The mean TBA (2-thiobarbituric acid), colour and texture values except springiness had significant differences ( P  < 0.05) among the treatments. The overall acceptability scores for the control and the Frankfurters with BSG were 7.57 and 5.47–7.02 on a nine-point scale, respectively. Cluster analysis was also carried out to divide the measured parameters into clusters according to their similarities and to find out the correlations among them. It can be concluded that BSG can be added to Frankfurters to increase their fibre content without deleteriously affecting their sensory parameters.     

De-oiling contaminated bleaching clay by high-pressure extraction

The disposal and re-use of spent bleaching clay from the vegetable oil processing industry is a problem of growing importance. Although today the only practical way of removal of the spent material is disposal, extraction with organic solvents is a well-known method of de-oiling contaminated bleaching clay. In our investigations we compare the extractibility of two different types of bleaching clays with CO₂ as a solvent. All experiments were carried out with a high-pressure extraction plant. The extraction and separation conditions, temperature and pressure, as well as the CO₂ mass flow, were varied during experiments. The aim of our investigations was a complete separation of the oil from the adsorbent. The latter should then be re-used as bleaching clay. The oil and the bleaching clay were analyzed and tested, respectively. The results show that oil of good quality can be recovered and the bleaching clay still has an activity approximately 50% of fresh clay.     

汽车失效催化剂预处理方法研究

系统研究了原料粒度、品位、酸度、液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、氧化剂用量及溶液电势、预处理方法对汽车失效催化剂中铂族金属浸出率的影响。结果表明,在粒度-0.074mm、液固比L/S=5/1、90~100℃、控制溶液电势1.0~1.2V氯化浸出8h,原料品位愈高,渣率愈低,浸出率愈高;随着盐酸和硫酸混合酸浓度的增加,铂族金属的浸出率急剧升高并且均高于单一的盐酸和硫酸介质。添加硫酸氢钠焙烧预处理(300℃,3h)能显著提高铂族金属尤其是铑的浸出率,铂、钯的浸出率大于99%,铑的浸出率大于97%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵麦糟制备蛋白肽培养基研究

以麦糟为原料,对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）固态发酵麦糟制备蛋白肽培养基条件进行研究。通过单因素试验考察碳源种类、碳源添加量、料液比、磷酸二氢钾添加量和拌料水pH值对肽得率的影响,通过Box-Behnken试验方案和响应面分析优化培养基。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产麦糟蛋白肽的最优培养基为：pH 7.0,葡萄糖添加量4.2%,麦糟与水的料液比1.0∶2.1（g∶mL）,磷酸二氢钾添加量0.6%,在该条件下,发酵麦糟肽得率可达12.40%。