Oxidation Behavior of Ni-3,6, 10 wt.% Al Alloys at 800°C

The oxidation behavior of Ni and Ni-3, 6, and 10Al alloys at 800°C in an N₂–O₂ gas mixture was investigated. The mass gain of each alloy depended on both the oxidation periods and Al content. NiO scale was formed on all alloy substrates accompanied by internal oxides of Al₂O₃. Many cavities were formed at the NiO/substrate interface at shorter oxidation times, and these cavities were found to be filled by metallic Ni(Al) from the matrix in the internal-oxidation zone by the development of internal oxides. The filling of cavities by Ni(Al) was more significant on higher Al alloys, which had a higher density of internal Al₂O₃. Once metallic Ni(Al) formed along the entire NiO/substrate interface, the oxidation kinetics became the same as pure Ni. It was concluded that pure Ni filling the cavities at the interface provided a diffusion path of Ni from the substrate to the NiO scale, and that controlled the oxidation kinetics.     

Influence of electroplating conditions on magnetic properties of Fe-36wt.% Ni alloy film

A Fe-Ni soft magnetic film was prepared in sulphate solution by electroplating. The influences of the molar ratio of n [Fe2+ ]/ n [Ni2+ ], current density, bath temperature, pH and L-ascorbic acid concentration on magnetic properties of Fe-Ni alloy film were investigated. The results show that the saturated flux density(BS) of the film increases initially and decreases after it reaches the specific value with the increase of n [Fe2+ ]/ n [Ni2+ ] molar ratio, current density, bath temperature and pH. However, the relationship between L-ascorbic acid concentration and B S keeps linear. It is observed that the coercive force( Hc) is enhanced with the increase of n [Fe2+ ]/ n [Ni2+ ] molar ratio, current density and pH. By comparison, when the bath temperature increases, Hc always decreases. With the increase of L-ascorbic acid concentration, the coercive force increases initially and then decreases.     

Effect of nitrogen on corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni duplex and microduplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

The corrosion behavior of 28Cr-7Ni-O-0.34N duplex stainless steels in air-saturated 3.5-wt% NaCl solution at pH 2, 7, 10 and 27 °C was studied by the potentiodynamic method. Two types of microstructures were investigated: the as-forged duplex and microduplex (average austenite grain size 5-16 μm) structures. The austenite volume fractions of the tested steels were between 0.35 and 0.64. The nitrogen effect on corrosion behaviors of both duplex and microduplex stainless steels were the same. At pH 2, the corrosion potential increased when the nitrogen content increased, however, corrosion current density as well as corrosion rate decreased. At pH 7 and 10, the effect of nitrogen on corrosion potential and corrosion rate could not be observed. Corrosion potential at pH 10 was lower than at pH 7. Pitting potential increased when the nitrogen content in the tested steels increased at all tested pH. For the nitrogen effect on the passive current density, it seemed that only at pH 2, the average passive current densities reduced when the nitrogen content increased. Nitrogen may have participated in the passive film or has been involved in the reaction to build up passive film. The ammonium formation and nitrogen enrichment at the interface metal/passive film with adsorption mechanism were discussed. The dissolute nitrogen might have combined with the hydrogen ions in solution to form ammonium ions, resulting in increasing solution pH. The steel could then easily repassivate, hence the corrosion potential and pitting potential would increase. However, the ammonium formation mechanism could not explain the decrease of corrosion potential in basic solution. Nitrogen enrichment at the metal/passive film interface with adsorption mechanism seemed to be an applicable consideration in increasing pitting potential. However, this mechanism did not involve the ammonium ion formation. In general, for the duplex and microduplex stainless steels tested, nitrogen increased the general corrosion resistances in acid solution and pitting corrosion resistance at all solution pH. Metallographic observation in both tested duplex and microduplex steels after pitting corrosion at all tested pH revealed that, the corroded structure in the tested steels without nitrogen alloying was austenite, but those with nitrogen alloying was ferrite. Even though ferrite had a higher chromium content than austenite but higher dissolved nitrogen in austenite than in ferrite may have increased the pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE) of austenite to be higher than that of ferrite.     

含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金的热处理

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸实验，研究了固溶处理制度和时效前预变形对含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金力学性能与显微组织的影响。结果表明：适当提高固溶温度或延长固溶时间可以促进合金中过剩相的溶解，提高合金的强度和塑性；时效前适量的预变形促进T1相的大量弥散、细小析出，显著提高合金强度。过大的预变形量使T1相变得粗大且分布不均匀，合金强度降低。合金适宜的固溶制度为530℃，保温60min，适宜的预变形量为3．5％。     

铌对镍基合金蠕变性能的影响

研究了Nb对Ni基合金高温蠕变性能的影响，认为Nb主要是通过增强第二组γ’相沉淀强化，γ相固溶强化，晶界M23C6呈链状分布，而使Ni基合金抗蠕变性能提高。     

7055铝合金二次时效特征研究——（Ⅱ）显微组织与断口形貌特征

利用透射电镜和扫描电镜研究了二次时效处理后7055合金显微组织及Kahn撕裂断口形貌特征。结果表明，高温预时效时未析出的溶质原子，在低温二次时效时继续析出造成强度提高：由于二次时效温度降低，析出相长大和粗化速度降低，析出相密度高，可以获得高于单级峰值时效的强度和硬度。提高二次时效温度促进比GP区强化效果更高的矿相析出，从而获得比低温二次时效更高的强度。缩短预时效时间以及降低预时效温度，都有利于残留固溶原子和空位的保留，二次时效时硬化响应更快。晶界析出相的体积分数和形貌变化对7055合金断裂韧性存在显著的影响。低温预时效及低温二次时效获得少量且断续分布的球形沿晶析出相，断裂韧性较高。而提高二次时效温度则促进晶界析出相析出，不利于断裂韧性的改善。     

Abrasive wear property of laser melting/deposited Ti2Ni/TiNi intermetallic alloy

A wear resistant intermetallic alloy consisting of TiNi primary dendrites and Ti2Ni matrix was fabricated by the laser melting deposition manufacturing process. Wear resistance of Ti2Ni/TiNi alloy was evaluated on an abrasive wear tester at room temperature under the different loads. The results show that the intermetallic alloy suffers more abrasive wear attack under low wear test load of 7, 13 and 25 N than high-chromium cast-iron. However, the intermetallic alloy exhibits better wear resistance under wear test load of 49 N. Abrasive wear of the laser melting deposition TiENi/TiNi alloy is governed by micro-cutting and plowing. Pseudoelasticity of TiNi plays an active role in contributing to abrasive wear resistance.     

The corrosion and corrosion-wear behaviour of plasma nitrided 17-4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel

Plasma surface nitriding of 17-4 PH martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steels was conducted at 350 °C, 420 °C and 500 °C for 10 h using a DC plasma nitriding unit, and the surface properties of the plasma surface engineered samples were systematically evaluated. Experimental results have shown that the surface properties of the plasma nitrided layers in terms of hardness, wear resistance, corrosion behaviour and corrosion-wear resistance are highly process condition dependent, and it is feasible to provide considerable improvement in wear, corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance of 17-4PH steel using optimised plasma treatment conditions. All three treatments can effectively improve the surface hardness and the sliding wear resistance under unlubricated conditions; high temperature (420 °C and 500 °C) treated materials revealed improved corrosion and corrosion-wear properties due to the formation of surface compound layers.     

碳在Ni-Cr-W铸造高温合金中作用的研究

采用真空感应炉、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射等手段 ,研究 115 0℃下C对Ni Cr W高温合金的组织和高温强度的影响。结果表明 ,随C含量增加 ,合金中的碳化物数量逐渐增加 ,形状由小块状、岛状逐步变为连续、半连续网状 ;合金的高温蠕变能力随C含量增加逐渐下降 ,下降到一定值C(w )为 0 .3%后 ,又逐渐上升