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991.
Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of coalescence and interactions of multiple horizontal bubbles rising in shear‐thinning fluids
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Jingru Liu Chunying Zhu Xiaoda Wang Taotao Fu Youguang Ma Huaizhi Li 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2015,61(10):3528-3546
The dynamics of multiple horizontal bubbles rising from different orifice arrangements in shear‐thinning fluids was simulated numerically by three‐dimensional Volume of Fluid method. The effects of bubble size, rheological properties of shear‐thinning fluids, and orifice structure arrangements on multiple bubbles interaction and coalescence were analyzed, and the mechanisms of bubble coalescence and breakup were fully discussed and elucidated. The variation of bubble rising velocity during coalescence process and freely rising processes for different orifice arrangements was also deeply investigated. The critical initial horizontal intervals for coalescence of multiple horizontal bubbles with various orifice arrangements were attained by simulation, which could serve as the critical criterion of bubble coalescence or noncoalescence. Furthermore, the critical bubble interval was predicted based on the film drainage model, the prediction accords well with the simulation result and is quite conducive for the design and optimization of perforated gas–liquid contact equipment. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3528–3546, 2015 相似文献
992.
离子液体是近年来发展起来的一种绿色介质,在化工反应和分离过程中具有广泛的应用前景。离子液体的溶液热力学性质和相平衡数据是其相关工艺过程设计的基础。本文从如下几个方面综述了离子液体溶液热力学模型的研究进展,即溶液热力学研究方法、溶液热力学模型的构建、离子液体的结构和分子间作用力、离子液体的溶液热力学模型及其在相平衡计算中的应用。重点分析了适用于离子液体溶液热力学性质计算的状态方程模型和过量Gibbs自由能模型或活度系数模型,离子液体的电解质和非电解质溶液模型,以及这些模型对ILs结构、氢键和静电作用的处理方法。分析了这些模型的优缺点,并对今后离子液体的溶液热力学研究提出了建议。 相似文献
993.
The torque and bending moment acting on a flexible overhung shaft in a gas–liquid stirred vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine and three different curved-blade disk turbines(half circular blades disk turbine, half elliptical blades disk turbine, and parabolic blades disk turbine) were experimentally measured by a customized moment sensor. The results show that the amplitude distribution of torque can be fitted by a symmetric bimodal distribution for disk turbines, and generally the distribution is more dispersive as the blade curvature or the gas flow rate increases. The amplitude distribution of shaft bending moment can be fitted by an asymmetric Weibull distribution for disk turbines. The relative shaft bending moment manifests a "rising-falling-rising" trend over the gas flow number, which is a corporate contribution of the unstable gas–liquid flow around the impeller, the gas cavities behind the blades, and the direct impact of gas on the impeller. And the "falling" stage is greater and lasts wider over the gas flow number for Rushton turbine than for the curved-blade disk turbines. 相似文献
994.
在?80mm×3000mm气流床和?40mm×200mm流化床中进行了O2、H2O、H2O+O2气氛下800℃胜利褐煤气化实验,同时在流化床中进行了O2、H2O、H2O+O2气氛下半焦原位气化实验和H2O气氛下半焦完全气化实验。比较了2种反应器中氧化反应与水蒸气气化反应协同作用的大小(强弱);结合实验条件利用缩核模型分别推导了2种反应器中协同作用影响下水蒸气气化反应速率方程;同时,从传质(扩散)速率、动力学、半焦-挥发分相互作用3方面探讨了2种反应器中协同作用存在显著差异的原因。结果发现,气流床中H2O+O2气氛下褐煤转化率明显大于H2O和O2单独气氛下褐煤转化率之和,其差值稳定在2.11%~4.01%,而在流化床中差值仅为0~0.75%,相对流化床,气流床中协同作用更明显。这是由于,在流化床中水蒸气向炭粒表面扩散的传质速率约为气流床的11%~25%,水蒸气气化过程受气膜扩散控制,炭粒表面水蒸气全部参与气化反应,炭粒表面无“多余”水分子,氧气开孔/扩孔作用提供的活性位“闲置”,而气流床中气化反应为速控步,炭粒表面有“富裕”水分子,可充分利用氧气开孔/扩孔作用提供的活性位,促进作用显著;挥发分-半焦相互作用不是流化床反应器中协同作用不显著的原因。 相似文献
995.
996.
J. van de Loosdrecht A. M. van der Kraan A. J. van Dillen J. W. Geus 《Catalysis Letters》1996,41(1-2):27-34
The influence of the titania support and metal particle size on the performance of nickel-iron catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has been studied by varying the nickel-iron loading and, consequently, varying the nickel-iron particle size. Low-loaded titania-supported nickel-iron catalysts (2 wt%) turned out to be more selective towards higher hydrocarbons than high-loaded nickel-iron catalysts (20 wt%), which produce much more methane. From temperature-programmed hydrogenation experiments, magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy it followed that different types of carbon are present on the catalysts depending on the metal loading. These types of carbon could be related to the selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and to the deactivation of the catalysts with time on stream. These differences in catalytic behaviour are most likely due to the presence of TiO
x
species on the surface of the active phase, which species decrease the CO and H2 adsorption properties of the catalyst, but increase the dissociation of CO. 相似文献
997.
界面酸碱配位作用对粘合性能影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过测定参照液在固体表面的接触角并计算接触体系的粘附功及其酸碱作用成份,研究了带碱性基团的丙烯酰胺——天然橡胶接枝聚合物和带酸性基团的丙烯酸——天然橡胶接枝聚合物表面的酸碱配位作用及其对粘合性能的贡献. 相似文献
998.
999.
In this paper, the seismic behavior of wind turbines sitting on a finite flexible soil layer is investigated in three‐dimensional space. A numerical algorithm formulated in frequency domain is proposed in order to simulate the dynamic soil–structure interaction (SSI). The wind turbine is discretized using finite element method (FEM) while, the underlying soil is represented by complex dynamic stiffness functions based on cone models. A parametric study consisting of 24 ground motions and three soil profiles is carried out, and different response quantities of the wind tower model are calculated and presented in the paper. The free‐field ground motions are estimated based on an equivalent linear approach using SHAKE2000 computer software. Transfer functions for total acceleration of the wind tower are obtained under the considered soil profiles and the modal frequencies of the coupled wind turbine–soil foundation are estimated. It is shown that the response quantities such as displacement, rotation, acceleration, base shear and moment are significantly affected by SSI, although the effect of SSI on the fundamental frequencies of the wind tower is insignificant. The moment and shear force distribution along the height of the tower is highly influenced as the soil stiffness decreases. The change in seismic demand distribution along the tower height because of SSI is not addressed by simplified design approached and should be carefully considered in seismic design of wind towers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.
The ability to predict fatigue behaviors of turbine-disk-materials under operating conditions is an important aspect of designing a safe turbine engine. Studies of two Ni-based superalloys, powder metallurgy (PM) FGH95 and Cast GH4169, have been undertaken to investigate their low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviors with different dwell conditions reflecting the fatigue–creep interaction at high temperature of 650 °C. Based on the deformation behaviors obtained by the tests, the effects of dwell on mean stress and shape of hysteretic loop at half life have been analyzed and considered to be introduced in developing a new fatigue model. For the purpose, two groups of parameters are defined in order to introduce the effects of mean stress and shape of hysteretic loop, especially due to their changes caused by dwell. Finally, an energy-based fatigue model is given with modifying of the original energy-type damage parameter. As a comparison, four typical models of LCF are used to model the experimental results, which are the Strain Range Partitioning method (SRP), the Frequency Separation method (FS), the Damage Rate method (DR) and the Ostergren method. The experimental data of LCF of cast and wrought (CW) Rene95, and PM Rene95 from open resources are also used to verify abilities of the newly-developed model. The results show that the model can describe fatigue behaviors well, and the scatter bands are within ±2, even considering the dwell effects. The accuracy and adaptability of predicting LCF life of the model are better than those of the four existing models. 相似文献