含能共晶技术研究进展

含能共晶技术在分子水平上可实现具有不同性能的含能化合物(如高能分子与低感度分子)之间的非共价键作用,并赋予含能化合物新的性能。同时,含能共晶技术在不改变原有含能化合物分子结构的前提下,可提高其稳定性,降低其感度。目前,高能量低感度含能化合物已成为研究热点之一。着重介绍了含能共晶技术的国内外研究现状,并主要从基础研究、研究进展、发展动态分析与理论计算等几个方面进行总结,最后对含能共晶技术研究存在的问题进行了分析。     

含能共晶技术研究进展

含能共晶技术在分子水平上可实现具有不同性能的含能化合物(如高能分子与低感度分子)之间的非共价键作用,并赋予含能化合物新的性能.同时,含能共晶技术在不改变原有含能化合物分子结构的前提下,可提高其稳定性,降低其感度.目前,高能量低感度含能化合物已成为研究热点之一.着重介绍了含能共晶技术的国内外研究现状,并主要从基础研究、研究进展、发展动态分析与理论计算等几个方面进行总结,最后对含能共晶技术研究存在的问题进行了分析.     

镍基单晶合金中温疲劳性能应力集中敏感性

疲劳是涡轮叶片的一种主要失效模式.本文开展了DD11单晶合金在650℃中温条件下2种应力集中系数(K_t=1(光滑状态)、K_t=3(缺口状态))的旋转弯曲疲劳性能研究,对比了2种应力集中系数下的疲劳强度,并开展了相关断口分析.结果表明:应力集中系数由K_t=1增大到K_t=3时,疲劳极限由446 MPa降低为311 MPa,说明DD11单晶合金疲劳性能存在应力集中敏感性;疲劳寿命由10~5提高到10~7时,光滑状态由600 MPa降低为420 MPa,疲劳强度降低幅度为180 MPa,而缺口状态由370 MPa降低为290 MPa,降低幅度为80 MPa,说明应力集中条件下DD11单晶合金的疲劳寿命对于外载变化较敏感.断口分析表明,光滑试样断口(应力500 MPa/疲劳寿命9.7×10~5)由几个相交的光滑晶体学平面组成,疲劳源萌生在距表面100μm左右的铸造孔洞;缺口试样断口(应力340 MPa/疲劳寿命8.1×10~5试样)呈平面状,与应力轴垂直,为多源疲劳模式,疲劳源观察到小刻面,在加工刀痕不连续位置萌生.     

Silver Nanoflower Decorated Graphene Oxide Sponges for Highly Sensitive Variable Stiffness Stress Sensors

Soft conductive materials should enable large deformation while keeping high electrical conductivity and elasticity. The graphene oxide (GO)‐based sponge is a potential candidate to endow large deformation. However, it typically exhibits low conductivity and elasticity. Here, the highly conductive and elastic sponge composed of GO, flower‐shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNFs), and polyimide (GO‐AgNF‐PI sponge) are demonstrated. The average pore size and porosity are 114 µm and 94.7%, respectively. Ag NFs have thin petals (8–20 nm) protruding out of the surface of a spherical bud (300–350 nm) significantly enhancing the specific surface area (2.83 m² g^?1). The electrical conductivity (0.306 S m^?1 at 0% strain) of the GO‐AgNF‐PI sponge is increased by more than an order of magnitude with the addition of Ag NFs. A nearly perfect elasticity is obtained over a wide compressive strain range (0–90%). The strain‐dependent, nonlinear variation of Young's modulus of the sponge provides a unique opportunity as a variable stiffness stress sensor that operates over a wide stress range (0–10 kPa) with a high maximum sensitivity (0.572 kPa^?1). It allows grasping of a soft rose and a hard bottle, with the minimal object deformation, when attached on the finger of a robot gripper.     

一种变温环境下水听器灵敏度校准系统的设计

针对缺少在变温条件下校准水听器灵敏度方法的问题,设计了一套基于动圈换能器声管的变温水听器灵敏度校准系统。建立模型分析声管内的声压分布,并计算了变温后对灵敏度校准结果的补偿量;利用Comsol仿真不同声管厚度对声场的影响,分析了底面非均匀振动和不同尺寸的水听器对校准结果的影响,确定了合适的声管尺寸和测量方法。分别在常温与变温条件下对不同尺寸的水听器进行校准并将校准结果与标准值比较。结果表明,此系统在常温下的校准结果与标准值的偏差低于0.5 dB,变温条件下的测量结果与标准值偏差低于0.6 dB,整体系统的扩展不确定度约为1.0 dB。     

Three-Dimensional Analytical Modeling of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Drivers

In this paper, the axial-flux permanent magnet driver is modeled and analyzed in a simple and novel way under three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates. The inherent three-dimensional characteristics of the device are comprehensively considered, and the governing equations are solved by simplifying the boundary conditions. The axial magnetization of the sector-shaped permanent magnets is accurately described in an algebraic form by the parameters, which makes the physical meaning more explicit than the purely mathematical expression in general series forms. The parameters of the Bessel function are determined simply and the magnetic field distribution of permanent magnets and the air-gap is solved. Furthermore, the field solutions are completely analytical, which provides convenience and satisfactory accuracy for modeling a series of electromagnetic performance parameters, such as the axial electromagnetic force density, axial electromagnetic force, and electromagnetic torque. The correctness and accuracy of the analytical models are fully verified by three-dimensional finite element simulations and a 15 kW prototype and the results of calculations, simulations, and experiments under three methods are highly consistent. The influence of several design parameters on magnetic field distribution and performance is studied and discussed. The results indicate that the modeling method proposed in this paper can calculate the magnetic field distribution and performance accurately and rapidly, which affords an important reference for the design and optimization of axial-flux permanent magnet drivers.     

Efficient conditional probability theorem and importance sampling-based methods for global reliability sensitivity analysis

Global reliability sensitivity (GRS) analysis can measure the effect of random inputs on failure probability (FP). To efficiently solve GRS, two conditional probability theorem (CPT)-based methods are proposed by combining adaptive Kriging (AK) with importance sampling (IS) (CPT-AK-IS) and combining AK with Meta-IS (CPT-AK-Meta-IS) respectively. Firstly, differentiation approximation and CPT are used to convert the estimation of conditional probability density function (PDF), which is required by the existing Bayes theorem-based methods, into that of a series of probabilities. Secondly, GRS can be directly estimated by the failure samples of IS, while the existing Bayes theorem methods based on IS need to transform the failure samples of IS into those of original PDF. Both the first and second strategies can reduce the computational complexity of solving GRS. Thirdly, by selecting a suitable differentiation interval with a proposed adaptive strategy, the estimation of a series of probabilities can be accurately completed as a byproduct of one IS based simulation for solving FP without additional computational cost. Finally, by introducing AK into IS and Meta-IS, it can reduce the number of evaluating performance function and the size of candidate sample pool simultaneously. These novelties are sufficiently verified by the presented examples.     

Analogue VLSI primitives for perceptual tasks in machine vision

A variety of computational tasks in early vision can be formulated through lattice networks. The cooperative action of these networks depends upon the topology of interconnections, both feedforward and recurrent ones. The Gabor-like impulse response of a 2nd-order lattice network (i.e. with nearest and next-to-nearest interconnections) is analysed in detail, pointing out how a near-optimal filtering behaviour in space and frequency domains can be achieved through excitatory/inhibitory interactions without impairing the stability of the system. These architectures can be mapped, very efficiently at transistor level, on VLSI structures operating as analogue perceptual engines. The hardware implementation of early vision tasks can, indeed, be tackled by combining these perceptual agents through suitable weighted sums. Various implementation strategies have been pursued with reference to: (i) the algorithm-circuit mapping (current-mode and transconductor approaches); (ii) the degree of programmability (fixed, selectable and tunable); and (iii) the implementation technology (2 and 0.8 gate lengths). Applications of the perceptual engine to machine vision algorithms are discussed.     

工业软测量模型结构与输入变量选择的研究

针对过程工业中难以直接测量的变量建立其软测量模型,对于实现关键指标的在线监测和实时控制具有十分重要的意义.变量的选择直接关系到神经网络软测量模型的预测性能,针对现有输入变量和网络结构选择方法在工业应用中的不足,提出了一种基于敏感度分析的方法来确定网络输入变量集和前馈神经网络隐含层节点个数,并建立了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE...     

基于离散随机技术的Madaline敏感性近似计算研究

本文系统地讨论了离散型前向神经网络Madaline的输出对网络参数扰动的敏感性计算.首先,根据神经元Adaline的离散特性,提出了一种离散随机技术方法,推导了Adaline敏感性近似计算公式.该方法从理论上解决了已有的连续随机技术方法无法处理的情况,取消了过强的限制条件,并使得从理论上对Adaline敏感性近似计算进...