改性栲胶高温堵剂的性能评价

研发了适用于高温低渗油田调剖堵水的改性落叶松栲胶堵剂。基础配方（以质量计）为：6．0％磺化落叶松栲胶＋2．5％～3．0％甲醛＋1．0％～1．5％促进剂＋水．pH值8～10。基础配方堵剂溶液25℃、35001／s黏度为1．5mPa·s；温度由120℃升至180℃时，成胶时间由7．5h缩短至约4h；从成胶时间和代表凝胶强度的突破真空度确定其适用的pH值范围为4～10；外加NaCI特别是CaCl2使其成胶时间缩短，突破真空度在NaCI加量≤50g／L时下降幅度很小。NaCl加量为100g／L时仍不低于66kPa。减少任一组分用量而保持其他组分用量不变，均使堵剂溶液成胶时间缩短，通过改变各组分用量和加盐量可在很大范围内调节堵剂溶液的成胶时间。堵剂在120℃放置48h后质量变化小于5％，在180℃放置120h后质量变化小于8％。堵剂凝胶在250℃的5％盐酸、5％苛性钠、10％NaCl溶液中至少可稳定存在6h。加入原油量超过10％的堵剂溶液不能成胶，因而该堵剂有一定选择性。在2支填砂管封堵实验中，封堵率为98．5％和97．6％，突破压力梯度为25．3和36，4MPa／m。讨论了栲胶与甲醛的交联反应。图7表1参5。     

Counter‐ion‐specific helix formation of poly(γ‐methyl L‐glutamate) derivatives containing sulfonate group in aqueous alcohols

Charged polypeptides containing sulfonate groups were prepared by transesterification of poly(γ‐methyl L ‐glutamate) with isethionic acid. The coil–helix transition of the sulfonated polypeptides was investigated in aqueous alcohols. Marked counter‐ion specificity was observed for helix formation: Li⁺ < Na⁺ < Cs⁺ ≦ Rb⁺ ≦ K⁺; this was different to that for poly(L ‐glutamate) (PLG): Cs⁺ ? K⁺ < Li⁺ < Na⁺. Specific helix stabilization by counter‐ion mixing, which has been found for the PLG system, was not observed for the sulfonated polypeptides. The counter‐ion‐ and solvent‐specific helix formation is discussed and compared with that in PLG. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Performance of microwave synthesized dual solvent dope solution and lithium bromide additives on poly(ethersulfone) membranes

BACKGROUND: Generally the fabrication of polymeric membranes is a complicated and expensive process since it involves several steps. The preliminary preparation steps involve polymer drying and dissolution and is very time consuming and expensive. Currently, conventional electrothermal heating (CEH) is used to dissolve polyethersulfone in an aprotic solvent for membrane fabrication. Usually CEH requires 6 to 8 h at temperatures of 80 to 95 °C. This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of polyethersulfone (PES) asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane made from microwave (MW) synthesis casting solution consisting of various compositions of double solvents and lithium bromide (LiBr) additive. RESULTS: Homogeneous dual solvent dope solutions prepared via microware irradiation took only 1 h instead of the 7 h when prepared using CEH. The results also revealed that the membrane permeation and rejection rates, pore size and porosity were dependent on the ratio of LiBr to acetone. Membranes with LiBr kept at 2 and 3 wt% exhibited both high rejection and permeation rates with minimum pore sizes of 1.067 and 1.214 nm respectively. The presence of LiBr and the occurrence of chain scission were elucidated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy while its hydrophilic property was confirmed by water absorption and contact angle measurements. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the microwave technique is capable of producing 1 L membrane solutions in less than 1 h. The membranes prepared from the microwave solutions show good rejection and permeation rates. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

磺化富马酸胺的合成及表面活性和杀虫性能研究

以硫酸、富马酸和-乙醇胺为原料合成磺化富马酸-乙醇胺，探求反应的最佳工艺条件，研究所得产品的杀虫性能，结果表明该产物具有良好的表面活性，对农业害虫具有良好的防治杀虫效果，可以成为农药化学新材料。     

Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO-SO3H): As an Efficient Nanocatalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-7-hydroxy-4H-chromenes Derivatives in Water

Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (RGO-SO₃H) was found to be an efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of a class of 2-amino-3-cyano-7-hydroxy-4H-chromenes derivatives using multicomponent reaction (MCR) of phenols, aldehydes and malononitrile under mild and green conditions. The reaction was performed in water as a green solvent and range of 2-amino-3-cyano-7-hydroxy-4H-chromenes were obtained in good to excellent yields. The RGO-SO₃H was reusable at least 5 times without significant decrease in its catalytic activity.     

不同的漂剂对红麻磺化化学机械浆色度的影响

应用一种新颖的方法，研究了不同的漂剂对红麻磺化化机浆（ＳＣＭＰ）的颜色或色调的影响。结果表明，就去除纸浆的黄色调而言，ＮａＢＨ＿４和Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２漂白是非常有效的，而效果以ＮａＢＨ＿４为最佳。ＣＨ＿３ＣＯＯＯＨ漂白浆的黄色调较深，而Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２两段漂能获得比Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２单段漂较浅黄色调的纸浆。     

全秆红麻磺化化学机械浆H2O2单段漂白

研究了全秆红麻磺化化学机械浆(SCMP)H_2O_2漂白过程中的各种影响因素,确定了H_3O_2漂白红麻 SCMP 的最佳工艺条件,在最佳条件下,H_2O_2将白度为54.9%的红麻未漂浆漂至71%以上白度;红外光谱表明,H_2O_2能够除去红麻 SCMP 中部分共轭羰基、β-羰基和羧基结构,从而达到漂白的目的。     

Enzymatic preparation of ricinoleic acid esters of long-chain monohydric alcohols and properties of the esters

Apart from the conventional chemical esterification process, long-chain alkyl ricinoleates also can be prepared by enzymatic esterification or by enzymatic alcoholysis with high yield and without undesirable side reactions. On sulfonation to the hydroxyl group, the alkyl ricinoleates produce surface-active compounds. The tetradecyl ricinoleate shows the best surface-active behavior and seems to be much better than that of sulfonated castor oil commonly known as “Turkey Red Oil”.     

含有聚电解质磺化聚苯胺的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的研究

制备了含有聚电解质磺化聚苯胺(SPAN I)在的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶。在不同pH的水溶液中,该凝胶的溶胀度有显著的变化;随pH的增加,凝胶的溶胀度先增加并在达到最大值后迅速下降。水溶液的pH对凝胶溶胀度的影响与SPAN I的聚集状态有关。用紫外光谱法表征了在水溶液中SPAN I从凝胶中的释放过程。在酸性和中性的水溶液中,SPAN I基本不从凝胶中释放出来;在溶胀度达到最大值(pH约为12)时,SPAN I逐渐从凝胶中释放到周围的水溶液中。单体浓度、凝胶的交联程度对SPAN I的释放也有影响。红外光谱表征结果显示,在凝胶中SPAN I分子间存在氢键作用,水溶液的pH对氢键作用的强度和SPAN I的聚集状态都有影响。     

杯[4]芳烃烷基醚磺酸钠的合成与表面性能

以对叔丁基苯酚、甲醛、苯酚、无水三氯化铝、浓硫酸、正溴代烷等为原料,经缩聚、脱烷基化、磺化和醚化反应,合成了一系列水溶性杯[4]芳烃烷基醚磺酸钠(烷基分别为—C4H9,—C6H13,—C8H17,—C10H21,化合物依次命名为1-C4,1-C6,1-C8,1-C10)。借用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,表征了中间体和最终试样结构。用染料法对试样进行了表征,表明试样均为负离子表面活性剂。用滴体积法测定表面活性剂水溶液25℃时的表面张力,各试样分别能将水的表面张力降至32.06,34.96,42.35,45.35 mN/m;临界胶束浓度分别为1.26×10-3,0.32×10-3,1.78×10-3,1.20×10-3mol/L。