琥珀酰亚胺酯基类偶氮染料的制备及其超临界CO2羊毛清洁化染色

以对氨基苯甲酸和4-氨基-2-氯苯甲酸、苯胺和间甲苯胺为原料,采用重氮偶合反应制备染料前驱体,通过在前驱体上引入琥珀酰亚胺酯获得4例活性分散染料Ⅰ～Ⅳ.对染料的紫外-可见吸收光谱、光热稳定性、超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)中羊毛纤维的染色工艺等进行了测试.结果表明,4例染料均具有良好的光热稳定性,染料Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ最大吸收波长集中在360～370 nm,染料Ⅱ的最大吸收波长红移到379～452 nm,染料均具备scCO2染色的条件.染料Ⅰ和Ⅲ的最佳染色条件为2 h、80℃和15 MPa,染料Ⅱ的最佳染色条件为1.5 h、80℃和15 MPa,染料Ⅳ的最佳染色条件为2 h、80℃和24 MPa.染色后的羊毛纤维的耐皂洗和耐光色牢度都可达4～5级,固色率最高可达86％,相比于未活化的前驱体,耐皂洗色牢度能提高2～3级,固色率最高能提升63％.SEM和显微镜成像证明4例染料具有良好的透染性,且能均匀附着于纤维的表面和内部.力学性能测试表明,染色后的羊毛纤维能基本保持原有的力学性能.     

燃煤发电机组锅炉节油技术

介绍浙能长兴发电有限公司300MW燃煤机组锅炉在节约燃油方面所采取的措施.     

超临界气体在聚合物加工中的应用

介绍了超临界气体的性质，以及近年来超临界CO2在聚合物加工中的应用，并对此技术住聚合物加工中存在的问题和未来的发展前景进行了总结和展望。     

Separation of crude palm oil components by semipreparative supercritical fluid chromatography

Successful separation of triglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids, carotenes, tocopherol, and tocotrienols from crude palm oil has been achieved by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a combination of a C18 and a silica gel column. The separation was carried out by the programmed extraction elution method. Free fatty acids were separated into five components by gas-liquid chromatography; tocopherol and tocotrienols were also separated into four components by SFC analysis, and the pure fractionated carotenes were obtained by preparative SFC. Thus, by using supercritical fluid chromatography, crude palm oil components can be separated and fractionated, based on differences in their functional groups.     

CO2‐assisted polymer processing: A new alternative for intractable polymers

CO₂‐assisted polymer processing is proposed as an alternative route for intractable and high molecular weight polymers based on the plasticization effects of CO₂ and its direct effect on the melting behavior of semicrystalline polymers. A modified processing system was used to process a variety of polymers in the presence of high‐pressure CO₂. The system includes an extruder that was modified to allow for high pressures created by the injection of CO₂. The new design includes a modified feed section that allows a given mass of polymer to interact with CO₂ before and during the extrusion process. The inherent shear mixing and the presence of CO₂ allow for a specific control over the extrudate morphology. Results suggest that this alternative design provides a new and easy route to melt process high melt viscosity polymers of commercial importance, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), and syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS). The increased processability of these systems in CO₂ is related to the plasticization effect of CO₂ that was quantified through a depression in the glass‐transition temperature according to the Chow model. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1501–1511, 2004     

墙式切圆锅炉燃烧过程的数值模拟

为研究墙式切圆锅炉炉内的燃烧问题,采用Fluent模拟软件,分析了炉内的速度场、温度场和NOx的分布规律.结果表明,炉膛燃烧器区横截面的切圆直径随着炉膛高度的增加逐渐增加;在炉膛中心纵截面上,炉内中心温度低于两侧温度,而且随着炉膛高度的增加,温度先增后降,炉壁附近出现局部高温;NO浓度沿高度方向先升后降.     

Convolutional neural networks recognition algorithm based on PCA

To improve the insufficiency of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) labeled training data for Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) and the recognition rate for large variations, a novel CNN recognition algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a set of features is extracted from the original data by unsupervised training based on PCA as the initial filter set for CNN. Secondly, in order to accelerate the training speed while avoiding over-fitting, the Rectified Linear Units(ReLU) is adopted as the non-linear function. Thirdly, to strengthen robustness and mitigate the defects of pooling upon features, a probabilistic max-pooling sampling method is introduced and local contrast normalization is exploited on features after the convolutional layer. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms the original CNN in recognition rate and achieves better robustness for large variations and complex background.     

超临界乙醇提质生物油的汽油机试验研究

配制了典型的模型油模拟提质产物中的中质成分(沸点为80~200℃),在1台单缸4冲程汽油机上对模型油、模型油-汽油混合燃料及汽油进行试验研究.结果表明:调整化油器结构适当增加供油量,在不改变发动机其他特性的条件下,燃用模型油的动力略微下降,下降幅度在5%以内,能耗率平均下降了8.47%;HC和CO排放远远低于汽油,平均下降了42.97%和66.7%,但NOX和CO2排放明显上升,相对汽油平均分别上升了29.47%和20.17%.对汽油机不作任何调整,燃用模型油体积分数10%(B10)和20%(B20)的混合燃料的动力特性及排放特性一般介于汽油与模型油之间.     

明渠扩散段急流运动特性及调控方法研究综述

依据文献分析了有限宽度水槽突然扩散、固定扩散角渐变扩散、无边界平板扩散和急流扩散4种典型明渠扩散段水流的共同流动特征.给出了有限宽度水槽突然扩散段水流宽度的沿程发展规律,以及在平底明渠急流扩散段设计时,为防止水流脱离的扩散角计算方法和突然扩展区急流扩散的边界方程;通过不同底坡比降的试验和原型资料分析,论述了陡坡扩散区水深沿程变化特点、沿程各断面横向分布规律,介绍了陡坡上水平扩散角的计算方法与扩散角最大值的存在.通过大扩散角水槽试验,发现在扩散段不同流态的过渡水流现象及稳定性不一样.上游来流为急流时,下游水跃进入扩散段就是水流失稳、主流偏转的开始;采用潜没式三角翼可以防止扩散段回流发生,提高过流均衡性.     

胜利褐煤二硫化碳-丙酮萃取物的超临界醇解物的GC/MS分析

胜利褐煤经CS2-丙酮混合溶剂(V/V=1 1)萃取获得萃取物EM,EM在300℃的甲醇中热溶2 h获得热溶物ET.对EM和ET进行了气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析,在EM中有43种GC/MS可检测组分,而在ET中检测到了132种有机化合物,其中包括32种在EM中未检测到的甲酯类化合物(MAs)和16种酚类化合物.分析了MAs和酚类化合物的形成机理,得出了胜利褐煤CS2-丙酮可溶大分子化合物中可能存在的4种结构单元.本文提供了一种研究煤中可溶大分子化合物的有效方法,弥补了GC/MS在检测大分子化合物时的不足.